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Choose the correct answer for each gap to complete the passage. Everyone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who (1) __________ that they never dream at all actually dream (2) __________ as frequently as the rest of us, (3) __________ they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly (4) __________ of dreaming night (5) __________ night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain (6) __________ untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated...
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Choose the correct answer for each gap to complete the passage.

Everyone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who (1) __________ that they never dream at all actually dream (2) __________ as frequently as the rest of us, (3) __________ they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly (4) __________ of dreaming night (5) __________ night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain (6) __________ untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual - we dream with all our (7) __________, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste. One of the world’s oldest (8) __________ written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams. This volume is about 5 thousand years ago, so you can (9) __________ that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilisations believed that you (10) __________ never wale a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return (11) __________ time if the sleeper were suddenly (12) __________. From ancient times to present (13) __________, people have been (14) __________ attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance. There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation, although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream (15) __________ there are books. 1. A. demand B. promise C. agree D. claim 2. A. also B. just C. only D. quite 3. A. though B. besides C. however D. despite 4. A. familiar B. accustomed C. aware D. used 5. A. after B. on C. through D. over 6. A. a B. an C. some D. this 7. A. feelings B. emotions C. impressions D. senses 8. A. considered B. known C. regarded D. estimated 9. A. see B. feel C. ensure D. think 10. A. would B. ought C. should D. need 11. A. by B. in C. with D. for 12. A. awoke B. awoken C. awake D. awaken 13. A. minute B. hour C. moment D. day 14. A. doing B. putting C. making D. taking 15. A. as B. like C. so D. such
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27 tháng 6 2019

Choose the correct answer for each gap to complete the passage.

Everyone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who (1) __________ that they never dream at all actually dream (2) __________ as frequently as the rest of us, (3) __________ they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly (4) __________ of dreaming night (5) __________ night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain (6) __________ untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual - we dream with all our (7) __________, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste. One of the world’s oldest (8) __________ written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams. This volume is about 5 thousand years ago, so you can (9) __________ that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilisations believed that you (10) __________ never wale a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return (11) __________ time if the sleeper were suddenly (12) __________. From ancient times to present (13) __________, people have been (14) __________ attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance. There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation, although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream (15) __________ there are books.

1. A. demand B. promise C. agree D. claim

2. A. also B. just C. only D. quite

3. A. though B. besides C. however D. despite

4. A. familiar B. accustomed C. aware D. used

5. A. after B. on C. through D. over

6. A. a B. an C. some D. this

7. A. feelings B. emotions C. impressions D. senses

8. A. considered B. known C. regarded D. estimated

9. A. see B. feel C. ensure D. think

10. A. would B. ought C. should D. need

11. A. by B. in C. with D. for

12. A. awoke B. awoken C. awake D. awaken

13. A. minute B. hour C. moment D. day

14. A. doing B. putting C. making D. taking

15. A. as B. like C. so D. such

27 tháng 6 2019

Choose the correct answer for each gap to complete the passage.

Everyone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who (1) __________ that they never dream at all actually dream (2) __________ as frequently as the rest of us, (3) __________ they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly (4) __________ of dreaming night (5) __________ night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain (6) __________ untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual - we dream with all our (7) __________, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste. One of the world’s oldest (8) __________ written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams. This volume is about 5 thousand years ago, so you can (9) __________ that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilisations believed that you (10) __________ never wale a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return (11) __________ time if the sleeper were suddenly (12) __________. From ancient times to present (13) __________, people have been (14) __________ attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance. There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation, although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream (15) __________ there are books.

1. A. demand B. promise C. agree D. claim

2. A. also B. just C. only D. quite

3. A. though B. besides C. however D. despite

4. A. familiar B. accustomed C. aware D. used

5. A. after B. on C. through D. over

6. A. a B. an C. some D. this

7. A. feelings B. emotions C. impressions D. senses

8. A. considered B. known C. regarded D. estimated

9. A. see B. feel C. ensure D. think

10. A. would B. ought C. should D. need

11. A. by B. in C. with D. for

12. A. awoke B. awoken C. awake D. awaken

13. A. minute B. hour C. moment D. day

14. A. doing B. putting C. making D. taking

15. A. as B. like C. so D. such

Question 5. Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that best fits each of the blank spaces to complete the passage. (1pt):MY DREAM HOUSEMy dream house is (21) _____ the countryside. It has lots of rooms and windows. There is a big bookshelf in the living room. Everyone in my family can read their favourite (22) _____ in this room. There is a kitchen in my dream house. There my mum and I can (23) ______ together. There is a fridge and it has drinks and snacks. There (24) ____   extra bedrooms, so my...
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Question 5. Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that best fits each of the blank spaces to complete the passage. (1pt):

MY DREAM HOUSE

My dream house is (21) _____ the countryside. It has lots of rooms and windows. There is a big bookshelf in the living room. Everyone in my family can read their favourite (22) _____ in this room. There is a kitchen in my dream house. There my mum and I can (23) ______ together. There is a fridge and it has drinks and snacks. There (24) ____   extra bedrooms, so my friends can sleep over. My dream house also has a big garden. I can plant flowers(25) _____ vegetables there.

21. A. on                              B. in                                     C. at                                     D. for

22. A. toys                          B. pens                                C. notebooks                      D. books

23. A. do                             B. make                               C. cook                                D. have

24. A. is                               B. are                                   C. give                                 D. be

25. A. and                           B. so                                    C. or                                     D. but

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18 tháng 12 2023

21. B. in
22. D. books
23. C. cook
24. B. are
25. C. or

\(Zzz\)🐥

18 tháng 12 2023

21. C

22. D

23. C

24. B

25. A

Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage.    Write your answer (A, B, C or D) in the space given on the right. (10 pts)Most people feel that when they dream, they are ---(1)--- off to another world. On the ---(2)---, dreams are often connected to our daily lives. When our whole ---(3)--- is filled with something, when we are either very upset ---(4)--- when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often ---(5)--- that we...
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Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage.

    Write your answer (A, B, C or D) in the space given on the right. (10 pts)

Most people feel that when they dream, they are ---(1)--- off to another world. On the ---(2)---, dreams are often connected to our daily lives. When our whole ---(3)--- is filled with something, when we are either very upset ---(4)--- when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often ---(5)--- that we benefit from dreams because they help the spirit to heal itself, when things ---(6)--- wrong. Dreams are therefore a kind of escape, almost a holiday from ---(7)--- life, with its fears and responsibilities. It is, however, a strange kind of holiday because whether we have a wonderful time or whether it turns ---(8)--- to be a nightmare, we quickly forget it. Most dreams disappear forever, ---(9)--- you are one of those people who are disciplined enough to write them down as soon as you ---(10)---.

1.       A. carried                   B. brought                     C. taken                          D. guided                                                                       

2.       A. opposite                 B. contrast                    C. contrary                     D. other side                                                                       

3.       A. mind                       B. spirit                          C. brain                          D. soul                                                                       

4.       A. or else                    B. or                              C. but also                      D. unless                                                                       

5.       A. spoken                   B. declared                   C. said                            D. stated                                                                       

6.       A. go                          B. turn                           C. become                      D. get                                                                        

7.       A. genuine                  B. real                           C. actual                         D. factual                                                                       

8.       A. off                          B. up                             C. down                          D. out                                                                        

9.       A. unless                    B. except that                C. therefore                    D. thus                                                                       

A. arise  B. awake              C. rise up             D. wake up

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16 tháng 7 2021

1 A

2 C

3 A

4 B

5 C

6 A

7 B

8 D

9 A

10 D

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. A Working Vacation Have you ever wondered what it would be like to get your dream job? It can take years to get the education and develop the skills you need for the perfect job. However, there is a way to experience your dream job without having to get the required training or degree. Since 2004, Brian Kurth’s company, Vocation Vacations,...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

A Working Vacation

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to get your dream job? It can take years to get the education and develop the skills you need for the perfect job. However, there is a way to experience your dream job without having to get the required training or degree. Since 2004, Brian Kurth’s company, Vocation Vacations, has been connecting people with mentors who have the jobs of their dreams.

Kurth had been working for a phone company before starting his own company. He didn’t like his job, and he had a long time to think about it on his drive to and from work. He also thought about his dream job while driving. He was interested in becoming a dog trainer, but he didn’t want to take any chances and switch to a field he didn’t have experience in. He really wanted to know what the job was like and if it was realistic for him to work towards his goal. So, he found a mentor – a dog trainer that could tell him about the job and everything it involved. After that, he helped his friends find mentors to explore jobs they were interested in. They thought it was helpful to talk to people who had their dream jobs before spending lots of time and money getting the training they needed for those jobs.

Kurth saw how much this helped his friends, so he decided to turn it into his business. He started Vocation Vacations in 2004, and by 2005, the company was offering experience with over 200 dream jobs. Today, about 300 mentors work with the company to share their knowledge about their jobs. Customers pay to experience the job of their dreams and work with these mentors to see what a job is really like. A “job vacation” costs between $350 and $3,000 and can be for one to three days. Many people use Vocation Vacations to see if their dream job is a career path they want to continue. Others do it just to experience the job of their dreams one time.

Vocation Vacations jobs are in the fields of fashion, food, entertainment, sports and animals. Many people want to try glamorous jobs. For example, they want to try working as actors, music producers, photographers and fashion designers. According to Kurth, some other popular dream jobs are working as bakers, hotel managers and wedding planners.

Source: Summit 2 by Pearson Education, 2017

All of the following are true about Vocation Vacations EXCEPT ______.

A. it belongs to Brian Kurth

B. the company was started in 2004

C. the company hires about 300 mentors

D. it provides jobs in many different fields 

1
23 tháng 4 2019

Tất cả những thông tin dưới đây đều đúng về Vocation Vacations ngoại trừ _____.

A. nó thuộc về Brian Kurrth

B. công ty được thành lập vào năm 2004

C. công ty thuê khoảng 300 tư vấn viên

D. nó cung cấp công việc trong rất nhiều lĩnh vực => sai (công ty chỉ tạo cơ hội cho mọi người trải nghiệm công việc)

Thông tin: He started Vocation Vacations in 2004, and by 2005, the company was offering experience with over 200 dream jobs. Today, about 300 mentors work with the company to share their knowledge about their jobs.

Tạm dịch: Anh ta (Brian Kurth) thành lập Vocation Holiday năm 2004 và đến năm 2005, công ty đã cung cấp trải nghiệm với hơn 200 công việc mơ ước. Ngày nay, khoảng 300 người tư vấn làm việc với công ty để chia sẻ kiến thức về những công việc của họ.

Chọn D

Dịch:Some theories of the purpose of dreamsFreud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We...
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Dịch:

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Find the new words and translate it

5
1 tháng 2 2018

Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ

Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?

Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.

Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.

Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.

Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.

REM và mơ ước

Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.

Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.

Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.

Nghiên cứu mới

Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.

Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.

Vậy kết luận là gì?

Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.

Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?

1 tháng 2 2018

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 7–11. A Working VacationHave you ever wondered what it would be like to get your dream job? It can take years to get the education and develop the skills you need for the perfect job. However, there is a way to experience your dream job without having to get the required training or degree. Since 2004, Brian Kurth’s company, Vocation Vacations, has been...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 7–11.

A Working Vacation

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to get your dream job? It can take years to get the education and develop the skills you need for the perfect job. However, there is a way to experience your dream job without having to get the required training or degree. Since 2004, Brian Kurth’s company, Vocation Vacations, has been connecting people with mentors who have the jobs of their dreams.

Kurth had been working for a phone company before starting his own company. He didn’t like his job, and he had a long time to think about it on his drive to and from work. He also thought about his dream job while driving. He was interested in becoming a dog trainer, but he didn’t want to take any chances and switch to a field he didn’t have experience in. He really wanted to know what the job was like and if it was realistic for him to work towards his goal. So, he found a mentor – a dog trainer that could tell him about the job and everything it involved. After that, he helped his friends find mentors to explore jobs they were interested in. They thought it was helpful to talk to people who had their dream jobs before spending lots of time and money getting the training they needed for those jobs.

Kurth saw how much this helped his friends, so he decided to turn it into his business. He started Vocation Vacations in 2004, and by 2005, the company was offering experience with over 200 dream jobs. Today, about 300 mentors work with the company to share their knowledge about their jobs. Customers pay to experience the job of their dreams and work with these mentors to see what a job is really like. A “job vacation” costs between $350 and $3,000 and can be for one to three days. Many people use Vocation Vacations to see if their dream job is a career path they want to continue. Others do it just to experience the job of their dreams one time.

Vocation Vacations jobs are in the fields of fashion, food, entertainment, sports and animals. Many people want to try glamorous jobs. For example, they want to try working as actors, music producers, photographers and fashion designers. According to Kurth, some other popular dream jobs are working as bakers, hotel managers and wedding planners.

Source: Summit 2 by Pearson Education, 2017

All of the following are true about Vocation Vacations EXCEPT ______.

A. it belongs to Brian Kurth

B. the company was started in 2004

C. the company hires about 300 mentors

D. it provides jobs in many different fields

1
9 tháng 12 2019

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Tất cả những điều sau đây là đúng về Vocation Vacations NGOẠI TRỪ ______.

  A. nó thuộc về Brian Kurth

  B. công ty được thành lập vào năm 2004

  C. công ty thuê khoảng 300 cố vấn

  D. công ty cung cấp việc làm trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau

Thông tin:

– Since 2004, Brian Kurth’s company, Vocation Vacations, has been connecting people with mentors who have the jobs of their dreams. => loại A và B

– Today, about 300 mentors work with the company to share their knowledge about their jobs. => loại C

– He started Vocation Vacations in 2004, and by 2005, the company was offering experience with over 200 dream jobs. => chọn D

Tạm dịch:

– Từ năm 2004, công ty của Brian Kurth, Vocation Holiday, đã kết nối mọi người với những người cố vấn có công việc mơ ước của họ.

– Hiện nay, có khoảng 300 cố vấn làm việc với công ty để chia sẻ kiến thức về công việc của họ.

– Ông bắt đầu Vocation Holiday năm 2004 và đến năm 2005, công ty đã cung cấp trải nghiệm với hơn 200 công việc mơ ước.

Chọn D

Dịch bài đọc:

Một kỳ nghỉ làm việc

Bạn đã bao giờ tự hỏi sẽ như thế nào khi bạn có công việc mơ ước? Có thể mất nhiều năm để có được sự giáo dục và phát triển các kỹ năng bạn cần cho một công việc hoàn hảo. Tuy nhiên, có một cách để trải nghiệm công việc mơ ước của bạn mà không cần phải có sự đào tạo hay bằng cấp. Từ năm 2004, công ty của Brian Kurth, Vocation Vacations, đã kết nối mọi người với những người cố vấn có công việc mơ ước của họ.

Kurth đã làm việc cho một công ty điện thoại trước khi bắt đầu thành lập công ty riêng của mình. Anh ấy không thích công việc của mình, và anh ấy đã có một thời gian dài để suy nghĩ về nó trên đường đến và đi làm. Anh cũng nghĩ về công việc mơ ước của mình khi lái xe. Anh ta có hứng thú đến việc trở thành một người huấn luyện chó, nhưng anh ta không muốn nắm bắt bất kỳ cơ hội và chuyển sang một lĩnh vực mà anh ta không hề có kinh nghiệm. Anh ta thực sự muốn biết công việc đó như thế nào và khi làm việc hướng tới mục tiêu của mình thì có thực tế không. Vì vậy, anh đã tìm thấy một người cố vấn – một người huấn luyện chó có thể nói với anh về công việc và tất cả mọi thứ liên quan. Sau đó, anh ấy đã giúp bạn bè tìm những người cố vấn để khám phá những công việc mà họ quan tâm. Họ nghĩ rằng thật hữu ích khi nói chuyện với những người có công việc mơ ước của họ trước khi dành nhiều thời gian và tiền bạc để được đào tạo cần thiết cho những công việc đó.

Kurth thấy điều này đã giúp bạn bè của mình nhiều như thế nào, vì vậy anh quyết định biến nó thành công việc kinh doanh của mình. Anh bắt đầu Vocation Vacations năm 2004 và đến năm 2005, công ty đã cung cấp trải nghiệm với hơn 200 công việc mơ ước. Hiện nay, có khoảng 300 cố vấn làm việc với công ty để chia sẻ kiến thức về công việc của họ. Khách hàng trả tiền để trải nghiệm công việc mơ ước của họ và làm việc với những người cố vấn này để xem công việc đó thực sự là như thế nào. Một “kỳ nghỉ làm việc” có giá từ 350 đến 3,000 đô la và có thể kéo dài từ một đến ba ngày. Nhiều người sử dụng Vocation Vacations để xem công việc mơ ước của họ có phải là con đường sự nghiệp mà họ muốn tiếp tục hay không. Những người khác làm điều đó chỉ để trải nghiệm công việc mơ ước của họ một lần.

Các ngành nghề của Vocation Vacations bao gồm các lĩnh vực thời trang, thực phẩm, giải trí, thể thao và động vật. Nhiều người muốn thử những công việc hấp dẫn. Ví dụ, họ muốn thử làm diễn viên, nhà sản xuất âm nhạc, nhiếp ảnh gia và nhà thiết kế thời trang. Theo Kurth, một số công việc mơ ước phổ biến khác đang làm thợ làm bánh, quản lý khách sạn và người tổ chức đám cưới.

Read the passage and choose the best answer among A,B,C,D for each gap to complete it. Fill in the appropriate word in question 38      Most people feel that when they dream, they are (35)________ off to another world. On the (36)________, dreams are often  connected to our daily lives. When our whole (37)_________ is filled with something, when we are either very  upset (38)________ when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often (39)_______ that we...
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Read the passage and choose the best answer among A,B,C,D for each gap to complete it. Fill in the appropriate word in question 38

      Most people feel that when they dream, they are (35)________ off to another world. On the (36)________, dreams are often  connected to our daily lives. When our whole (37)_________ is filled with something, when we are either very  upset (38)________ when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often (39)_______ that we benefit from dreams because they help the spirit to heal itself when things (40)__________ wrong. Dreams are therefore a kind of escape, almost a holiday from (41)__________ life, with its fears and responsibilities. It is, however, a strange kind of holiday because whether we have a wonderful time or whether it turns (42)_________ to be a nightmare, we quickly forget it. Most dreams disappear forever, (43)_________ you are one of those people disciplined enough to write them down as soon as you (44)_________.

A. unless

B. but also

C. or else

D. or

1
6 tháng 7 2017

Chọn D

“or”: hoặc, tồn tại một trong các trường hợp

Read the passage and choose the best answer among A,B,C,D for each gap to complete it. Fill in the appropriate word in question 36      Most people feel that when they dream, they are (35)________ off to another world. On the (36)________, dreams are often  connected to our daily lives. When our whole (37)_________ is filled with something, when we are either very  upset (38)________ when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often (39)_______ that we...
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Read the passage and choose the best answer among A,B,C,D for each gap to complete it. Fill in the appropriate word in question 36

      Most people feel that when they dream, they are (35)________ off to another world. On the (36)________, dreams are often  connected to our daily lives. When our whole (37)_________ is filled with something, when we are either very  upset (38)________ when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often (39)_______ that we benefit from dreams because they help the spirit to heal itself when things (40)__________ wrong. Dreams are therefore a kind of escape, almost a holiday from (41)__________ life, with its fears and responsibilities. It is, however, a strange kind of holiday because whether we have a wonderful time or whether it turns (42)_________ to be a nightmare, we quickly forget it. Most dreams disappear forever, (43)_________ you are one of those people disciplined enough to write them down as soon as you (44)_________.

A. contrast

B. contrary

C. other side

D. opposite

1
7 tháng 10 2018

Chọn B

“On the contrary” = “In contrast”: Trái lại, ngược lại

Read the passage and choose the best answer among A,B,C,D for each gap to complete it. Fill in the appropriate word in question 37      Most people feel that when they dream, they are (35)________ off to another world. On the (36)________, dreams are often  connected to our daily lives. When our whole (37)_________ is filled with something, when we are either very  upset (38)________ when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often (39)_______ that we...
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Read the passage and choose the best answer among A,B,C,D for each gap to complete it. Fill in the appropriate word in question 37

      Most people feel that when they dream, they are (35)________ off to another world. On the (36)________, dreams are often  connected to our daily lives. When our whole (37)_________ is filled with something, when we are either very  upset (38)________ when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often (39)_______ that we benefit from dreams because they help the spirit to heal itself when things (40)__________ wrong. Dreams are therefore a kind of escape, almost a holiday from (41)__________ life, with its fears and responsibilities. It is, however, a strange kind of holiday because whether we have a wonderful time or whether it turns (42)_________ to be a nightmare, we quickly forget it. Most dreams disappear forever, (43)_________ you are one of those people disciplined enough to write them down as soon as you (44)_________.

A. spirit

B. mind

C. brain

D. soul

1
5 tháng 11 2018

Chọn B

“mind”: tâm trí

“spirit”: tinh thần, linh hồn

“brain”: bộ não  

“soul”: tâm hồn

Read the passage and choose the best answer among A,B,C,D for each gap to complete it. Fill in the appropriate word in question 40      Most people feel that when they dream, they are (35)________ off to another world. On the (36)________, dreams are often  connected to our daily lives. When our whole (37)_________ is filled with something, when we are either very  upset (38)________ when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often (39)_______ that we...
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Read the passage and choose the best answer among A,B,C,D for each gap to complete it. Fill in the appropriate word in question 40

      Most people feel that when they dream, they are (35)________ off to another world. On the (36)________, dreams are often  connected to our daily lives. When our whole (37)_________ is filled with something, when we are either very  upset (38)________ when we are in good spirit, a dream will represent this reality in symbols. It is often (39)_______ that we benefit from dreams because they help the spirit to heal itself when things (40)__________ wrong. Dreams are therefore a kind of escape, almost a holiday from (41)__________ life, with its fears and responsibilities. It is, however, a strange kind of holiday because whether we have a wonderful time or whether it turns (42)_________ to be a nightmare, we quickly forget it. Most dreams disappear forever, (43)_________ you are one of those people disciplined enough to write them down as soon as you (44)_________.

A. become

B. go

C. turn

D. get

1
22 tháng 5 2019

Chọn B

Cụm “go wrong”: phạm sai lầm, gặp rắc rối..