Cho x,y,z > 0 và x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 3. Tìm min của:
\(P=\dfrac{x^3}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^3}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^3}{z+x} \)
\(Q=\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x+2y}+\dfrac{y^3+z^3}{y+2z}+\dfrac{z^3+x^3}{z+2x}\)
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\(\dfrac{x^3}{y+2z}+\dfrac{y^3}{z+2x}+\dfrac{z^3}{x+2y}=\dfrac{x^4}{xy+2xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{xz+2yz}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
1) \(x:y:z=2:3:4\) ⇒ \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+3+4}=\dfrac{18}{9}=2\)
⇒ x=4;y=6;z=8
\(1,\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+3+4}=\dfrac{18}{9}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot2=4\\y=2\cdot3=6\\z=2\cdot4=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2,\) Áp dụng t/c dtsbn
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{-3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{4x}{8}=\dfrac{3y}{-9}=\dfrac{2z}{8}=\dfrac{4x-3y-2z}{8-\left(-9\right)-8}=\dfrac{81}{9}=9\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot9=18\\y=2\cdot\left(-3\right)=-6\\z=2\cdot4=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(3,4y=3z\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8};\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{6}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn
\(\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{9+6+8}=\dfrac{46}{23}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot9=18\\y=2\cdot6=12\\z=2\cdot8=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(4,5x=3y\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{15};\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{3}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{10}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{10}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{2x}{18}=\dfrac{3y}{45}=\dfrac{4z}{40}=\dfrac{2x+3y-4z}{18+45-40}=\dfrac{34}{23}\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{34}{23}\cdot9=\dfrac{306}{23}\\y=\dfrac{34}{23}\cdot15=\dfrac{510}{23}\\z=\dfrac{34}{23}\cdot10=\dfrac{340}{23}\end{matrix}\right.\)
bài 3:
a, đặt x12=y9=z5=k
=>x=12k,y=9k,z=5k
ta có: ayz=20=> 12k.9k.5k=20
=> (12.9.5)k^3=20
=>540.k^3=20
=>k^3=20/540=1/27
=>k=1/3
=>x=12.1/3=4
y=9.1/3=3
z=5.1/3=5/3
vậy x=4,y=3,z=5/3
b,ta có: x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29
A/D tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29=x2+y2−z225+49−9=58565=9
=>x=5.9=45
y=7.9=63
z=3*9=27
vậy x=45,y=63,z=27
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x^3}{y+2z}+\dfrac{y^3}{z+2x}+\dfrac{z^3}{x+2y}=\dfrac{x^4}{xy+2zx}+\dfrac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{zx+2yz}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{xy+2zx+yz+2xy+zx+2yz}=\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
Mà ta lại có: \(xy+yz+zx\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{1^2}{3.1}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
`P=x^3/(x+y)+y^3/(y+z)+z^3/(z+x)`
`=x^4/(x^2+xy)+y^4/(y^2+yz)+z^4/(z^2+zx)`
Ad bđt cosi-swart:
`P>=(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2/(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+zx)`
Mà `xy+yz+zx<=x^2+y^2+z^2)`
`=>P>=(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2/(2(x^2+y^2+z^2))=(x^2+y^2+z^2)/2=3/2`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=y=z=1`
`Q=(x^3+y^3)/(x+2y)+(y^3+z^3)/(y+2z)+(z^3+x^3)/(z+2x)`
`Q=(x^3/(x+2y)+y^3/(y+2z)+z^3/(z+2x))+(y^3/(x+2y)+z^3/(y+2z)+x^3/(z+2x))`
`Q=(x^4/(x^2+2xy)+y^4/(y^2+2yz)+z^4/(z^2+2zx))+(y^4/(xy+2y^2)+z^4/(yz+2z^4)+x^4/(xz+2x^2))`
Áp dụng BĐT cosi-swart ta có:
`Q>=(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2/(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx)+(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2/(2(x^2+y^2+z^2)+xy+yz+zx))`
Mà`xy+yz+zx<=x^2+y^2+z^2`
`=>Q>=(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2/(3(x^2+y^2+z^2))+(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2/(3(x^2+y^2+z^2))=(2(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2)/(3(x^2+y^2+z^2))=(2(x^2+y^2+z^2))/3=2`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=y=z=1.`