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\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(ab+bc+ca=3\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge3\\abc\le1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\le\dfrac{3}{8}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{a}{6a+2}+\dfrac{b}{6b+2}+\dfrac{c}{6c+2}\) nên chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{a}{3a+1}+\dfrac{b}{3b+1}+\dfrac{c}{3c+1}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3a+1}+\dfrac{1}{3b+1}+\dfrac{1}{3c+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(3a+1\right)\left(3b+1\right)+\left(3b+1\right)\left(3c+1\right)+\left(3c+1\right)\left(3a+1\right)}{\left(3a+1\right)\left(3b+1\right)\left(3c+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6\left(a+b+c\right)+30}{27abc+3\left(a+b+c\right)+28}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{6\left(a+b+c\right)+30}{27+3\left(a+b+c\right)+28}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow24\left(a+b+c\right)+120\ge165+9\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3\) (đúng)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\) (BĐT Cauchy Schwarz)
\(=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) .Thế vào biểu thức
\(\Rightarrow P\ge9+\dfrac{7}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=9+21=30\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=30\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Đặt \(x=\dfrac{1}{a},y=\dfrac{1}{b},z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) thì ta có \(x,y,z>0;x+y+z=3\) và
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{3b^2c^2+abc}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}}{3.\dfrac{1}{y^2z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xyz}}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}}{\dfrac{3x+yz}{xy^2z^2}}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{y^2z^2}{3x+yz}}\) \(=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{3x+yz}}\) \(=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}}\) \(=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
Do đó \(T=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{yz}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{2\left(x+z\right)}\)
Lập 2 BĐT tương tự rồi cộng theo vế, ta được \(T\le\dfrac{yz}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{2\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{zx}{2\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{zx}{2\left(y+x\right)}\) \(+\dfrac{xy}{2\left(z+x\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{2\left(z+y\right)}\)
\(T\le\dfrac{yz+zx}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{2\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{xy+yz}{2\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(T\le\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\) (do \(x+y+z=3\))
\(T\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy \(maxT=\dfrac{3}{2}\), xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
(Mình muốn gửi lời cảm ơn tới bạn Nguyễn Đức Trí vì ý tưởng của bài này chính là bài mình vừa hỏi lúc nãy trên diễn đàn. Cảm ơn bạn Trí rất nhiều vì đã giúp mình có được lời giải này.)
Bạn Lê Song Phương xem lại dùm nhé, thanks!
\(...\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}\)
\(...\Rightarrow T\le2.3=6\)
\(\Rightarrow GTLN\left(T\right)=6\left(tạia=b=c=1\right)\)
Đề bài có nhầm lẫn gì ko nhỉ?
\(T=\dfrac{ab}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{bc}{b^2+c^2+2bc}+\dfrac{ca}{c^2+a^2+ca}\le\dfrac{ab}{2ab+ab}+\dfrac{bc}{2bc+bc}+\dfrac{ca}{2ca+ca}=1\)
Ta có: \(2\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)=2b^2+2c^2+2bc\le2b^2+2c^2+b^2+c^2=3\left(b^2+c^2\right)\Rightarrow b^2+c^2\le3-a^2\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\le3\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\).
Áp dụng bđt Schwars ta có:
\(T\ge a+b+c+\dfrac{18}{a+b+c}=\left(a+b+c+\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\right)+\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\ge2\sqrt{9}+\dfrac{9}{3}=9\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.
\(Q=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{a+b}.\dfrac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{a+b}.\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{a+c}.\dfrac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2a}{a+b}+\dfrac{2a}{a+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=2\left[\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{4}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]+\dfrac{5}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\ge2.\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(=\dfrac{18}{1}+\dfrac{5}{ab+bc+ca}\ge18+5.\dfrac{3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=18+15=33\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1/3.
Vậy GTNN của P là 33.
\(P\le\dfrac{a}{2\sqrt{a^2bc}}+\dfrac{b}{2\sqrt{b^2ca}}+\dfrac{c}{2\sqrt{c^2ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Áp dụng cosi:
`a^2+bc>=2a\sqrt{bc}`
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
`=>P<=1/2(1/sqrt{ab}+1/sqrt{bc}+1/sqrt{ca})`
Áp dụng cosi:
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=1/sqrt(ab)+1/sqrt(bc)+1/sqrt(ca)`
`=>P<=1/2(1/a+1/b+1/c)`
`=>P<=1/2((ab+bc+ca)/(abc))<=(a^2+b^2+c^2)/(2(abc))=1/2`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=3`