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Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk,c=dk\)
a) \(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2-b^2}{d^2k^2-d^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{k}.b}{\dfrac{c}{k}.d}=\dfrac{ab}{cd}=VT\)
Vậy...
b) \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}=\dfrac{5bk+3b}{5bk-3b}=\dfrac{5k+3}{5k-3}\)
\(\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}=\dfrac{5dk+3d}{5dk-3d}=\dfrac{5k+3}{5k-3}\)
Suy ra \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}=\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}\)
c) \(\dfrac{7a^2+3ab}{11a^2-8b^2}=\dfrac{7\left(bk\right)^2+3\left(bk\right).b}{11\left(bk\right)^2-8b^2}\)\(=\dfrac{7k^2+3k}{11k^2-8}\)
\(\dfrac{7c^2+3cd}{11c^2-8d^2}=\dfrac{7\left(dk\right)^2+3\left(dk\right).d}{11\left(dk\right)^2-8d^2}=\dfrac{7k^2+3k}{11k^2-8}\)
Suy ra \(\dfrac{7a^2+3ab}{11a^2-8b^2}=\dfrac{7c^2+3cd}{11c^2-8d^2}\)
a) Có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
=> \(ad=bc\)
=> \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\) => \(\left(\dfrac{a}{c}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{b}{d}\right)^2=\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}\)
(theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
=> (đpcm)
b) Có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) => \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
=> \(\dfrac{5a}{5c}=\dfrac{3b}{3d}=\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)(theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
=> \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}=\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}\) (đpcm)
c) Có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
=> \(\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\) => \(\dfrac{7a^2}{7c^2}=\dfrac{3ab}{3cd}=\dfrac{11a^2}{11c^2}=\dfrac{8b^2}{8d^2}\)
=> \(\dfrac{7a^2+3ab}{7c^2+3cd}=\dfrac{11a^2-8b^2}{11c^2-8d^2}\) (theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
=> \(\dfrac{7a^2+3ab}{11a^2-8b^2}=\dfrac{7c^2+3cd}{11c^2-8d^2}\)(đpcm)
#Ayumu
1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)
Biến đổi giả thiết:
\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\left(a;b;c;d\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5a}{5c}=\dfrac{3b}{3d}=\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}=\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
Ta có:\(\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+bc}+\dfrac{1}{1+ac}\ge\dfrac{9}{1+1+1+ab+bc+ca}\)(AM-GM)
Lại có:\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{3+ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{9}{3+a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Cháu làm cho bác câu 2 thôi,câu 3 THANGDZ làm rồi sợ mất bản quyền lắm:v
Lời giải:
Áp dụng liên tiếp bất đẳng thức AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+2b+3c}+\dfrac{b}{b+2c+3a}+\dfrac{c}{c+2a+3b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2ab+3ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2bc+3ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ac+3bc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+5ab+5bc+5ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{3a^2-10a+3}{2\left(a-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3a^2-9a-a+3}{2\left(a-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3a\left(a-3\right)-\left(a-3\right)}{2\left(a-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-3\right)\left(3a-1\right)}{2\left(a-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3a-1}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{2}a-\dfrac{1}{2}\)(đpcm)
b) Ta có: \(\dfrac{b^2+3b+9}{b^3-27}\)\(=\dfrac{b^2+3b+9}{\left(b-3\right)\left(b^2+3b+9\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{b-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{b-2}{\left(b-3\right)\left(b-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{b-2}{b^2-5b+6}\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:a,b,c ba cạnh tam giác => a,b,c dương
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c>b\\a+b>c\\b+c>a\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{y}< \dfrac{x+p}{y+p}\forall_{x,y,p>0\&x< y}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+c}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+b}{a+b+c}=\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c+b+c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(A+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{2\left(b+a+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2=VP\)
p/s: đề sao làm vậy:
mình nghi đề phải thế này: \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}< 2\) cách làm đơn giản hơn
Do a;b;c là 3 cạnh của 1 tam giác nên: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b-c>0\\a+c-b>0\\b+c-a>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
BĐT đã cho tương đương:
\(\dfrac{a^2+2bc}{b^2+c^2}-1+\dfrac{b^2+2ac}{a^2+c^2}-1+\dfrac{c^2+2ab}{a^2+b^2}-1>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b^2-\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^2-\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+b^2}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b^2-\left(a-c\right)^2}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+c-b\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)}{a^2+b^2}>0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
1: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot dk}{bd}=k^2\)
Do đó; \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{ac}{bd}\)
2: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)
\(\dfrac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2-d^2k^2}{b^2-d^2}=k^2\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}=\dfrac{3a}{3b}=\dfrac{2c}{2d}=\dfrac{3a-2c}{3b-2d}\)
a/ \(\dfrac{a.c}{b.d}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right).\left(a-c\right)}{\left(b+d\right).\left(b-d\right)}=\dfrac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}\)
b/ \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{3a-2c}{3b-2d}=\dfrac{3a^2-2ac}{3b^2-2bd}\)