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a, Ta có:AM+AN=OM-OA+ON-OA=OM+ON+AC=OC+AC=3/2OC
GA+3GB+GC+OD=2GB+OD=OB+OD=0
C,
Cách 1:
Gọi O là giao điểm của AC và BD.
Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AG} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {BG} = \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow {BG} ;\\\overrightarrow {CG} = \overrightarrow {CB} + \overrightarrow {BG} = \overrightarrow {DA} + \overrightarrow {BG} = - \overrightarrow b + \overrightarrow {BG} ;\end{array}\)(*)
Lại có: \(\overrightarrow {BD} =\overrightarrow {BA} + \overrightarrow {AD} = - \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b \).
\(\overrightarrow {BG} ,\overrightarrow {BD} \) cùng phương và \(\left| {\overrightarrow {BG} } \right| = \frac{2}{3}BO = \frac{1}{3}\left| {\overrightarrow {BD} } \right|\)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {BG} = \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {BD} = \frac{1}{3}\left( { - \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right)\)
Do đó (*) \( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AG} = \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow {BG} = \overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{3}\left( { - \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\\\overrightarrow {CG} = -\overrightarrow b + \overrightarrow {BG} = -\overrightarrow b + \frac{1}{3}\left( { - \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right) = - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\end{array} \right.\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow {AG} = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\;\overrightarrow {CG} = - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b .\)
Cách 2:
Gọi AE, CF là các trung tuyến trong tam giác ABC.
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow {AG} = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AE} = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AC} } \right) = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left[ {\overrightarrow {AB} + \left( {\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {AD} } \right)} \right] \\= \frac{1}{3}\left( {2\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b \)
\(\overrightarrow {CG} = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {CF} = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {CA} + \overrightarrow {CB} } \right) = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left[ {\left( {\overrightarrow {CB} + \overrightarrow {CD} } \right) + \overrightarrow {CB} } \right] = \frac{1}{3}\left( {2\overrightarrow {CB} + \overrightarrow {CD} } \right) = \frac{1}{3}\left( { - 2\overrightarrow {AD} - \overrightarrow {AB} } \right) = - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b \)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow {AG} = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\;\overrightarrow {CG} = - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b .\)
\(\overrightarrow{AD}+2\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AB}=2\overrightarrow{AI}\) (đpcm)
\(\widehat{ABC}=120^0\Rightarrow\widehat{DAB}=180^0-120^0=60^0\)
\(\Rightarrow\Delta ABD\) đều
Gọi E là trung điểm AD \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BE}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BE}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BG}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}=-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
Đặt \(\overrightarrow{u}=\overrightarrow{BG}+\overrightarrow{AD}\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|^2=\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\dfrac{4}{9}AB^2+\dfrac{16}{9}AD^2-\dfrac{16}{9}\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{9}.4a^2+\dfrac{16}{9}4a^2-\dfrac{16}{9}.2a.2a.cos60^0=\dfrac{16}{3}a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{u}\right|=\dfrac{4a\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
