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Ta có: \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Do các vế của BĐT đều dương, nhân vế với vế:
\(\left(x^2+y^2\right)\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\ge\sqrt{2}xy\left(x+y\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y\)
a.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\x+3y-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1-y-1\right)\left(x-1+y+1\right)=0\\x+3y-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x+y\right)=0\\x+3y-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-2=0\\x+3y-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{11}{4}\\y=\dfrac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x+3y-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\\y=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy-2x-y+2=0\\3x+y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(y-2\right)-\left(y-2\right)=0\\3x+y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)\left(y-2\right)=0\\3x+y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\3x+y=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-2=0\\3x+y=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dễ thấy:
\(VT\ge\left(x+y\right)^2+1-\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{3\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+1\)
Áp dụng Cô-si:
\(\dfrac{3\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+1\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}.1}=\sqrt{3}\left|x+y\right|\ge\sqrt{3}\left(x+y\right)\)
Do đó:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2+1-xy\ge\sqrt{3}\left(x+y\right),\forall x,y\in R\)
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
\(2\left(x^2+1\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)>=\left(x+1\right)^2\)(bđt bunhiacopxki)(1)
\(2\left(y^2+1\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)>=\left(y+1\right)^2\)(bđt bunhiacopxki)(2)
\(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)>=\left(xy+1\right)^2\)(3)
từ (1) (2) và (3)\(\Rightarrow\left(2\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)\right)^2>=\left(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(xy+1\right)\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+1\right)>=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(xy+1\right)\)
dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=1
Lời giải:
Từ \(xy+yz+xz=xyz\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\)
Đặt \((a,b,c)=\left(\frac{1}{x}; \frac{1}{y}; \frac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c=1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(P=\frac{c^3}{(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{a^3}{(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{b^3}{(c+1)(a+1)}\geq \frac{1}{16}(*)\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{c^3}{(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{a+1}{64}+\frac{b+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3c}{16}\)
\(\frac{a^3}{(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{b+1}{64}+\frac{c+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3a}{16}\)
\(\frac{b^3}{(c+1)(a+1)}+\frac{c+1}{64}+\frac{a+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3b}{16}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên và rút gọn :
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{a+b+c+3}{32}\geq \frac{3(a+b+c)}{16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{4}{32}\geq \frac{3}{16}\Leftrightarrow P\geq \frac{1}{16}\)
Vậy \((*)\) được chứng minh. Bài toán hoàn tất.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=3\)
