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Câu 16:
PTHH: \(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,25\cdot1,5=0,375\left(mol\right)=n_{KOH}=n_{KCl}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,375}{2}=0,1875\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{KCl}}=\dfrac{0,375}{0,1875+0,25}\approx0,86\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 18:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot14,7\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KOH}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot56}{5,6\%}=600\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{600}{10,45}\approx57,42\left(ml\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{K_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot174}{600+200}\cdot100\%=6,525\%\)
PTHH: \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{0,4\cdot56}{6\%}}{1,048}\approx356,2\left(ml\right)\\C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2+0,3562}\approx0,36\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 0,2.........0,4........0,2.......0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4.56.100}{6}=\dfrac{1120}{3}\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1120}{3}}{1,048}=\dfrac{140000}{393}\left(ml\right)\approx0,356\left(l\right)\)
\(b.C_{MddK_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{\dfrac{140000}{393}+0,2}\approx0,00056\left(M\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2\left(M\right)\)
c, PT: \(HCl+KOH\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{KOH}=n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4.56}{5,6\%}=400\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{400}{1,045}\approx382,78\left(ml\right)\)
a.250ml=0,25l ; nHCl=0,25.1,5=0,375mol
KOH+HCl->KCl+H2O
1mol 1mol 1mol
0,375 0,375 0,375
VKOh=0,375/2=0,1875l
b.CM KCL=0,375/0,25=1,5M
c.NaOH+HCL=NaCl+H2O
1mol 1mol
0,375 0,375
mdd NaOH=0,375.40.100/10=150g
KOH + HCl -> KCl + H2O
nHCl trong 300ml dd=0,3.0,1=0,03(mol)
CM dd A=\(\dfrac{0,03}{0,04}=0,75M\)
nHCl trong 100 ml dd=0,1.0,75=0,075(mol)
Theo PTHH ta có:
nKOH=nHCl=0,075(mol)
Vdd KOH 0,5M=\(\dfrac{0,075}{0,5}=0,15\left(lít\right)\)
nNaOH=0,025mol
nH2SO4=0,015mol
2NaOH+H2SO4->Na2SO4+2H2O
Ta có 0,025/2 <0,015/1 =>H2SO4 dư
Khi nhúng quì tím vào dd thì quì tím chuyển sang màu đỏ
2NaOH+H2SO4->Na2SO4+2H2O
0,025 0,0125 0,0125
DD X: H2SO4:0,0025mol
Na2SO4: 0,0125mol
C(H2SO4)=0,00625M
C(NaOH)=0,03125M
1) $n_{NaOH} = 0,015(mol) ; n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,025(mol)$
$2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + H_2O$
Ta thấy :
$n_{NaOH} : 2 < n_{H_2SO_4} : 1$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
Do đó quỳ tím hóa đỏ.
2)
$n_{Na_2SO_4} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH} = 0,0075(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,025 - 0,0075 = 0,0175(mol)$
$V_{dd\ X} = 0,15 + 0,25 = 0,4(lít)$
Suy ra :
$C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,0075}{0,4} = 0,01875M$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4\ dư}} = \dfrac{0,0175}{0,4} = 0,04375M$
3)
$2KOH + H_2SO_4 \to K_2SO_4 + H_2O$
$n_{KOH} = 2n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,035(mol)$
$V_{dd\ KOH} =\dfrac{0,035}{1} = 0,035(lít)$
