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The Hindu culture celebrates marriage as a pure and pristine rite enabling two individuals start their journey of life together. It puts emphasis on the values of happiness, harmony and growth and could be traced back from the Vedic times.
Months before the wedding ceremony, an engagement is held which is called "mangni". The couple is blessed here with gifts, jewelry and clothes. Another important ritual is the "mehendi" which is a paste made from the leaves of henna plant. It is the traditional art of adorning the hands and the feet of the bride with mehendi and the name of the groom is also hidden in the design.
On the day of marriage, the couple exchanges garlands as a gesture of acceptance of one another and a pledge to respect one another as partners which is known as "jaimala". This is followed by "kanyadaan", where the father of the bride places her hand in the groom's hand requesting him to accept her as an equal partner.
Another ritual is the "havan" in which the couple invokes Agni, the god of Fire, to witness their
commitment to each other. Crushed sandalwood, herbs, sugar rice and oil are offered to the ceremonial fire. The "gath bandhan" takes place where scarves of the bride and groom are tied together symbolizing their eternal bond. This signifies their pledge before God to love each other and remain loyal. The couple then takes four "mangal pheras" or walk around the ceremonial fire, representing four goals in life: "Dharma", religious and moral duties; "Artha", prosperity; "Kama" earthly pleasures; "Moksha", spiritual salvation.
The couple also takes seven steps together to begin their journey, called the "saptapardi". Then the ritual of "sindoor" takes place where the groom applies a small dot of vermilion, a red powder to the bride's forehead and welcomes her as his partner for life. This signifies the completion of the marriage. The parents of the bride and the groom then give their blessings, "ashirwad" to the newlywed couple as they touch the feet of their parents.
Câu 33: What might be the most suitable title for this reading passage?
A. The Hindu wedding B. The Hindu tradition C. The Hindu religion D. The Hindu culture
Câu 34: What does the word “magni” stand for?
A. the engagement B. the gesture of acceptance of one another
C. the paste made from the leave of one another D. the wedding
Câu 35: What do the Hindu people think about marriage?
A. It is a wish of happiness and harmony to come to two individuals.
B. It is entirely a spiritual traditional ritual allowing two individuals to live together.
C. It is a belief in the growth of a family newly formed by two individuals.
D. It is just a living-together announcement of two individuals.
Câu 36: What can the word “adorning” be best replaced by?
A. dying B. repairing C. painting D. decorating
Câu 37: What can the word “invokes” be best replaced by?
A. talks B. tells C. says D. prays
Câu 38: Why does the couple exchange garlands?
A. to express their acceptance of one another and a wish of happiness.
B. to express their vow to respect each other for the whole life.
C. to do a ritual. D. to show both their acceptance of and the swear to respect the partner.
Câu 39: When is the wedding ceremony completed?
A. When the groom applies a small dot of vermillion of the bride's forehead.
B. When the couple touches their parents' feet.
C. When the parents of the bride and the groom give their blessings to the couple.
D. When the couple makes seven steps together.
The Hindu culture celebrates marriage as a pure and pristine rite enabling two individuals start their journey of life together. It puts emphasis on the values of happiness, harmony and growth and could be traced back from the Vedic times.
Months before the wedding ceremony, an engagement is held which is called "mangni". The couple is blessed here with gifts, jewelry and clothes. Another important ritual is the "mehendi" which is a paste made from the leaves of henna plant. It is the traditional art of adorning the hands and the feet of the bride with mehendi and the name of the groom is also hidden in the design.
On the day of marriage, the couple exchanges garlands as a gesture of acceptance of one another and a pledge to respect one another as partners which is known as "jaimala". This is followed by "kanyadaan", where the father of the bride places her hand in the groom's hand requesting him to accept her as an equal partner.
Another ritual is the "havan" in which the couple invokes Agni, the god of Fire, to witness their
commitment to each other. Crushed sandalwood, herbs, sugar rice and oil are offered to the ceremonial fire. The "gath bandhan" takes place where scarves of the bride and groom are tied together symbolizing their eternal bond. This signifies their pledge before God to love each other and remain loyal. The couple then takes four "mangal pheras" or walk around the ceremonial fire, representing four goals in life: "Dharma", religious and moral duties; "Artha", prosperity; "Kama" earthly pleasures; "Moksha", spiritual salvation.
The couple also takes seven steps together to begin their journey, called the "saptapardi". Then the ritual of "sindoor" takes place where the groom applies a small dot of vermilion, a red powder to the bride's forehead and welcomes her as his partner for life. This signifies the completion of the marriage. The parents of the bride and the groom then give their blessings, "ashirwad" to the newlywed couple as they touch the feet of their parents.
Câu 33: What might be the most suitable title for this reading passage?
A. The Hindu wedding B. The Hindu tradition C. The Hindu religion D. The Hindu culture
Câu 34: What does the word “magni” stand for?
A. the engagement B. the gesture of acceptance of one another
C. the paste made from the leave of one another D. the wedding
Câu 35: What do the Hindu people think about marriage?
A. It is a wish of happiness and harmony to come to two individuals.
B. It is entirely a spiritual traditional ritual allowing two individuals to live together.
C. It is a belief in the growth of a family newly formed by two individuals.
D. It is just a living-together announcement of two individuals.
Câu 36: What can the word “adorning” be best replaced by?
A. dying B. repairing C. painting D. decorating
Câu 37: What can the word “invokes” be best replaced by?
A. talks B. tells C. says D. prays
Câu 38: Why does the couple exchange garlands?
A. to express their acceptance of one another and a wish of happiness.
B. to express their vow to respect each other for the whole life.
C. to do a ritual. D. to show both their acceptance of and the swear to respect the partner.
Câu 39: When is the wedding ceremony completed?
A. When the groom applies a small dot of vermillion of the bride's forehead.
B. When the couple touches their parents' feet.
C. When the parents of the bride and the groom give their blessings to the couple.
D. When the couple makes seven steps together.
Marriage is an ancient religious and legal practice celebrated around the world. However, wedding customs vary from country to country.
The Wedding Dress: In many countries, it is customary for the bride to wear a white dress as a symbol of purity. The tradition of wearing a special white dress only for the wedding ceremony started around 150 years ago. Before that, most women could not afford to buy a dress that they would only wear once. Now, bridal dresses can be bought in a variety of styles. In some Asian countries and in the Middle East, colors of joy and happiness like red or orange other than white are worn by the bride or used as part of the wedding ceremony,
The Wedding Rings: In many cultures, couples exchange rings, usually made of golf or silver and worn on the third finger of the left or right hand, during the marriage ceremony. The circular shape of the ring is symbolic of the couple's eternal union. In Brazil, it is traditional to have the rings engraved with the bride's name on the groom’s ring, an vice versa.
Flowers: Flowers play an important role in most weddings. Roses are said to be the flowers of love, and because they usually bloom in June, this has become the most popular month for weddings in many countries. After the wedding ceremony, in many countries the bride throws her bouquet into a crowd of well-wishers – usually her single female friends. The person who catches this bouquet will be the next one to marry.
Gifts: In Chinese cultures, w edding guests give gifts of money to the newly-weds in small red envelopes. Money is also an appropriate gift at Korean and Japanese wedding. In many Western countries, for example in the U.K, wedding guests give the bride and groom household items that they may need for their new home. In Russia, rather than receiving gifts, the bride and groom provide gifts to their guests instead.
With the continued internationalization of the modern world, wedding customs that originated in one part of the world are crossing national boundaries and have been incorporated into marriage ceremonies in other countries.
111. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Wedding ceremoniesB. Wedding customsC. Wedding dayD. Wedding history
112. The tradition of wearing a special dress only on one’s wedding day is ____.
A. about 150 years agoB. over a century ago
C. less than 100 years agoD. less than 200 years ago
113. In some cultures, the bride wears a white dress as a traditional symbol of ____.
A. modestyB. secrecyC. purityD. security
114. In some Asian and Middle Eastern.countries, which colour is NOT considered to be suitable for a wedding?
A. redB. orangeC. whiteD. blue
115. The phrase “eternal union" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to____.
A. never-ending relationshipB. lovely relationship
C. temporary relationshipD. healthy relationship
116. The word “this" in paragraph 4 refers to which of the following?
A. roleB. loveC. JuneD. rose
117. According to the passage, in which country would the wedding guests give the bride and groom money as a present?
A. BrazilB. the U.KC. ChinaD. Russia
118. Which of the following information is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Nowadays, every bride can afford to buy a wedding dress to wear only once.
B. It is believed that any person who catches the bride’s bouquet will be the next to marry.
C . It is customary to write the groom's name on the bride’s wedding ring.
D. Thanks to globalization, one country’s wedding customs may be added to other countries’.