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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more acidic - could also become overwhelmed by rising oceans.

The research - led by scientists at Exeter University and published in Nature this week -involved studying growth rates for more than 200 tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean reefs. It was found only 9% of these reefs had the ability to keep up with even the most optimistic rates of sea-level rises forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. "For many reefs across the Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions, where the study focused, rates of growth are slowing due to coral reef degradation," said Professor Chris Perry, of Exeter University. “Meanwhile, rates of sea-level rise are increasing - and our results suggest reefs will be unable to keep up. As a result, water depths above most reefs will increase rapidly through this century.”

Sea levels rose by several inches over the past century and measurements indicate the speed of this increase is now rising significantly. Two key factors are involved: climate change is making ocean water warmer and so it expands. And as ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase amounts of water in the oceans.

At the same time, reefs are being weakened by ocean warming and also by ocean acidification, triggered as the seas absorb more and more carbon dioxide. These effects lead to bleaching events that kill off vast stretches of coral and limits their ability to grow.

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by 2100, the inundation of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumby of Queensland University. This point was backed by US marine scientist Ilsa Ruffner writing in a separate comment piece for Nature. “The implications of the study are dire. Many island nations and territories are set to quickly lose crucial natural resources.”

What does the word "compensate" in the first paragraph probably mean? 

A. recompense

B. keep up with

C. develop

D.benefit

1
2 tháng 3 2019

Đáp án A

Từ “compensate” trong đoạn 1 có thể có nghĩa là _______.

A. đền bù, bồi thường                                           B. theo kịp

C. phát triển                                                          D. có lợi ích

Từ đồng nghĩa: compensate (đền bù, bu đắp) = recompense

They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. (Họ đã phát hiện ra rằng hầu hết san hô không có khả năng phát triển đủ nhanh để bù đắp cho mực nước biển dâng cao do sự nóng lên toàn cầu.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more acidic - could also become overwhelmed by rising oceans.

The research - led by scientists at Exeter University and published in Nature this week -involved studying growth rates for more than 200 tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean reefs. It was found only 9% of these reefs had the ability to keep up with even the most optimistic rates of sea-level rises forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. "For many reefs across the Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions, where the study focused, rates of growth are slowing due to coral reef degradation," said Professor Chris Perry, of Exeter University. “Meanwhile, rates of sea-level rise are increasing - and our results suggest reefs will be unable to keep up. As a result, water depths above most reefs will increase rapidly through this century.”

Sea levels rose by several inches over the past century and measurements indicate the speed of this increase is now rising significantly. Two key factors are involved: climate change is making ocean water warmer and so it expands. And as ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase amounts of water in the oceans.

At the same time, reefs are being weakened by ocean warming and also by ocean acidification, triggered as the seas absorb more and more carbon dioxide. These effects lead to bleaching events that kill off vast stretches of coral and limits their ability to grow.

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by 2100, the inundation of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumby of Queensland University. This point was backed by US marine scientist Ilsa Ruffner writing in a separate comment piece for Nature. “The implications of the study are dire. Many island nations and territories are set to quickly lose crucial natural resources.”

What did scientists at Exeter University find in their research?

A. Tropical coral reefs are increasing more quickly than others in Pacific Ocean.

B. The majority of tropical coral reefs cannot keep pace with the increasing rate of sea levels.

C. Many coral reefs are developing in spite of their degradation.

D. The rapid rise in sea levels does not affect the density of coral reefs.

1
19 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án B

Các nhà khoa học tại Đại học Ehreter đã tìm thấy điều gì trong nghiên cứu của họ?

A. Các rạn san hô nhiệt đới đang tăng lên nhanh hơn các rạn san hô ở Thái Bình Dương.

B. Đa số các rạn san hô nhiệt đới không thể bắt kịp tốc độ tăng lên của mực nước biển.

C. Nhiều rạn san hô vẫn đang phát triển mặc dù sự thoái hoá của chúng.

D. Sự tăng nhanh của mực nước biển không ảnh hưởng đến mật độ các rạn san hô.

Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 2:

The research - led by scientists at Exeter University and published in Nature this week - involved studying growth rates for more than 200 tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean reefs. It was found only 9% of these reefs had the ability to keep up with even the most optimistic rates of sea-level rises forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. "For many reefs across the Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions, where the study focused, rates of growth are slowing due to coral reef degradation,” said Professor Chris Perry, of Exeter University. "Meanwhile, rates of sea-level rise are increasing - and our results suggest reefs will be unable to keep up. As a result, water depths above most reefs will increase rapidly through this century."

(Nghiên cứu - được dẫn dắt bởi các nhà khoa học tại Trường Đại học Exeter và được công bố trên tờ Nature tuần này - liên quan đến tốc độ tăng trưởng của hơn 200 rạn san hô vùng nhiệt đới Tây Đại Tây Dương và Ấn Độ Dương. Chỉ có 9% trong số các rạn san hô này có khả năng theo kịp ngay cả những mức độ lạc quan nhất của mực nước biển dâng do dự báo của Ủy ban liên chính phủ về biến đối khí hậu. “Đối với nhiều rạn san hô trên vùng Caribe" và Ấn Độ Dương, nơi nghiên cứu tập trung, tốc độ tăng trưởng chậm lại do suy thoái rạn san hô”, Giáo sư Chris Perry, thuộc Trường Đại học Exeter cho biết. “Trong khi đó, tỷ lệ mực nước biển dâng đang gia tăng - và kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy rạn san hô sẽ không thể theo kịp. Kết quả là, độ sâu của nước trên hầu hết các rạn san hô sẽ tăng nhanh qua thế kỷ này.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more acidic - could also become overwhelmed by rising oceans.

The research - led by scientists at Exeter University and published in Nature this week -involved studying growth rates for more than 200 tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean reefs. It was found only 9% of these reefs had the ability to keep up with even the most optimistic rates of sea-level rises forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. "For many reefs across the Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions, where the study focused, rates of growth are slowing due to coral reef degradation," said Professor Chris Perry, of Exeter University. “Meanwhile, rates of sea-level rise are increasing - and our results suggest reefs will be unable to keep up. As a result, water depths above most reefs will increase rapidly through this century.”

Sea levels rose by several inches over the past century and measurements indicate the speed of this increase is now rising significantly. Two key factors are involved: climate change is making ocean water warmer and so it expands. And as ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase amounts of water in the oceans.

At the same time, reefs are being weakened by ocean warming and also by ocean acidification, triggered as the seas absorb more and more carbon dioxide. These effects lead to bleaching events that kill off vast stretches of coral and limits their ability to grow.

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by 2100, the inundation of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumby of Queensland University. This point was backed by US marine scientist Ilsa Ruffner writing in a separate comment piece for Nature. “The implications of the study are dire. Many island nations and territories are set to quickly lose crucial natural resources.”

According to the passage, the two factors causing the rise of sea levels are ______.

A. global warming and freeze

B. severe weather and climate change


 

C. climate change and ice expansion

D. climate change and ice melt

1
9 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án D

Theo đoạn văn, 2 nhân tốgây ra sự tăng lên của mực nước biển là ______.

A. sự nóng lên toàn cầu và sự băng giá

B. thời tiết cực đoan và biến đổi khí hậu

C. biến đổi khí hậu và sự mở rộng của băng

D. biến đổi khí hậu và băng tan

Căn cứ thông tin đoạn 3:

Two key factors are involved: climate change is making ocean water warmer and so it expands. And as ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase amounts of water in the oceans.

(Hai yếu tố chính có liên quan là biến đổi khí hậu đang làm cho nước biển ấm hơn và do đó nó mở rộng. Và khi những tảng băng và sông băng tan chảy, chúng làm tăng lượng nước trong đại dương.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more acidic - could also become overwhelmed by rising oceans.

The research - led by scientists at Exeter University and published in Nature this week -involved studying growth rates for more than 200 tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean reefs. It was found only 9% of these reefs had the ability to keep up with even the most optimistic rates of sea-level rises forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. "For many reefs across the Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions, where the study focused, rates of growth are slowing due to coral reef degradation," said Professor Chris Perry, of Exeter University. “Meanwhile, rates of sea-level rise are increasing - and our results suggest reefs will be unable to keep up. As a result, water depths above most reefs will increase rapidly through this century.”

Sea levels rose by several inches over the past century and measurements indicate the speed of this increase is now rising significantly. Two key factors are involved: climate change is making ocean water warmer and so it expands. And as ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase amounts of water in the oceans.

At the same time, reefs are being weakened by ocean warming and also by ocean acidification, triggered as the seas absorb more and more carbon dioxide. These effects lead to bleaching events that kill off vast stretches of coral and limits their ability to grow.

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by 2100, the inundation of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumby of Queensland University. This point was backed by US marine scientist Ilsa Ruffner writing in a separate comment piece for Nature. “The implications of the study are dire. Many island nations and territories are set to quickly lose crucial natural resources.”

Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Sea levels will become the main factor of bleaching.

B. Coral reefs will be overwhelmed by rising oceans.

C. Coral reefs may escape from extinction because of the increase in sea levels.

D. Global warming will cause the rise of sea levels.

1
18 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án B

CHỦ ĐỀ UNDERSEA WORLD

Câu nào trong các câu sau là nội dung chính mà đoạn văn thảo luận?

A. Mực nước biển sẽ trở thành tác nhân chính của sự tẩy trắng.

B. Các rạn san hô sẽ bị tràn ngập bởi các đại dương đang dâng nước lên.

C. Các rạn san hô có thể thoát khỏi tuyệt chủng nhờ vào sự tăng lên của mực nước biển.

D. Sự nóng lên toàn cầu sẽ làm mực nước biển tăng lên.

Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 1:

The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world’s seas are warming and becoming more acidic - could also become overwhelmed by rising oceans.

Nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng các rạn san hô - đã bị suy thoái nghiêm trong bởi vì biển trên thế giới đang ấm lên và trở nên chua hơn - cũng có thể bị tràn ngập bởi những đại dương đang dâng nước lên.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more acidic - could also become overwhelmed by rising oceans.

The research - led by scientists at Exeter University and published in Nature this week -involved studying growth rates for more than 200 tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean reefs. It was found only 9% of these reefs had the ability to keep up with even the most optimistic rates of sea-level rises forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. "For many reefs across the Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions, where the study focused, rates of growth are slowing due to coral reef degradation," said Professor Chris Perry, of Exeter University. “Meanwhile, rates of sea-level rise are increasing - and our results suggest reefs will be unable to keep up. As a result, water depths above most reefs will increase rapidly through this century.”

Sea levels rose by several inches over the past century and measurements indicate the speed of this increase is now rising significantly. Two key factors are involved: climate change is making ocean water warmer and so it expands. And as ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase amounts of water in the oceans.

At the same time, reefs are being weakened by ocean warming and also by ocean acidification, triggered as the seas absorb more and more carbon dioxide. These effects lead to bleaching events that kill off vast stretches of coral and limits their ability to grow.

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by 2100, the inundation of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumby of Queensland University. This point was backed by US marine scientist Ilsa Ruffner writing in a separate comment piece for Nature. “The implications of the study are dire. Many island nations and territories are set to quickly lose crucial natural resources.”

What does the phrase "these effects" in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. ocean warming and ocean acidification

B. reef weakening and ocean warming

C. reef weakening and ocean acidification

D. ocean warming and CO2 absorb

1
24 tháng 12 2018

Đáp án A

Cụm từ “these effects” trong đoạn 4 đề cập đến ______.

A. sự nóng lên của đại dương và axit đại dương hoá

B. sự yếu đi của các rạn san hô và sự nóng lên của đại dương

C. sự yếu đi của các rạn san hô và axit đại dương hoá

D. sự nóng lên của đại dương và sự hấp thụ CO2

Căn cứ thông tin đoạn 4:

Từ “these effects" đang nhắc đến sự nóng lên của đại dương và axit đại dương hóa.

At the same time, reefs are being weakened by ocean warming and also by ocean acidification, triggered as the seas absorb more and more carbon dioxide. These effects lead to bleaching events that kill off vast stretches of coral and limits their ability to grow.

(Đồng thời, các rạn san hô đang bị suy yếu bởi sự nóng lên của đại dương và cũng bởi sự axit hóa đại dương, được kích hoạt khi các vùng biển hấp thụ hàng càng nhiều khí CO2. Những tác động này dẫn đến các sự kiện tẩy trắng diệt hết các dải san hô rộng lớn và hạn chế năng khả năng phát triển của chúng.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more acidic - could also become overwhelmed by rising oceans.

The research - led by scientists at Exeter University and published in Nature this week -involved studying growth rates for more than 200 tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean reefs. It was found only 9% of these reefs had the ability to keep up with even the most optimistic rates of sea-level rises forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. "For many reefs across the Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions, where the study focused, rates of growth are slowing due to coral reef degradation," said Professor Chris Perry, of Exeter University. “Meanwhile, rates of sea-level rise are increasing - and our results suggest reefs will be unable to keep up. As a result, water depths above most reefs will increase rapidly through this century.”

Sea levels rose by several inches over the past century and measurements indicate the speed of this increase is now rising significantly. Two key factors are involved: climate change is making ocean water warmer and so it expands. And as ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase amounts of water in the oceans.

At the same time, reefs are being weakened by ocean warming and also by ocean acidification, triggered as the seas absorb more and more carbon dioxide. These effects lead to bleaching events that kill off vast stretches of coral and limits their ability to grow.

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by 2100, the inundation of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumby of Queensland University. This point was backed by US marine scientist Ilsa Ruffner writing in a separate comment piece for Nature. “The implications of the study are dire. Many island nations and territories are set to quickly lose crucial natural resources.”

The author implies in the last paragraph that _______.

A. even in the most optimistic prediction, coral reefs will experience their extinction.

B. the results of the study are more serious than what scientists have predicted.

C. human activities will not only affect marine life but also put themselves at risk.


 

D. people often exploit natural resources in island nations and territories.

1
2 tháng 11 2019

Đáp án C

Tác giả hàm ý trong đoạn cuối rằng ________.

A. Ngay cả trong dự đoán lạc quan nhất, các rạn san hô vẫn sẽ bị tuyệt chủng.

B. Kết quả của cuộc nghiên cứu thì nghiêm trọng hơn những gì các nhà khoa học đã dự đoán.

C. Các hoạt động của con người không chỉ ảnh hưởng đến thế giới dưới biển mà còn đặt chính họ vào nguy hiểm.

D. Con người thường khai thác tài nguyên thiên nhiên ở các quốc đảo và vùng lãnh thổ.

Căn cứ thông tin đoạn cuối:

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by 2100, the inundation of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumby of Queensland University. This point was backed by US marine scientist Ilsa Kuffner writing in a separate comment piece for Nature. “The implications of the study are dire. Many island nations and

territories are set to quickly lose crucial natural resources.”

(“Dự đoán của chúng tôi, ngay cả trong các kịch bản tốt nhất, cho thấy rằng vào năm 2100, sự ngập lụt các rạn san hô sẽ đặt các cộng động ven biển vào các mối đe dọa đáng kể về sự thay đổi bờ biển”, giáo sư Peter Mumby thuộc trường Đại học Queensland cho biết. Điểm này được ủng hộ bởi nhà khoa học biển người Mỹ Ilse Hefner viết trong một phần bình luận riêng cho tờ Nature.” Hàm ý của nghiên cứu rất nghiêm trọng. Nhiều quốc đảo và vùng lãnh thổ được thiết lập đã nhanh chóng làm mất đi các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên quan trọng".)

Như vậy, tác giả đã hàm ý rằng, các hoạt động của con người như thành lập các quốc đảo và vùng lãnh thổ đã làm mất đi các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên quan trọng và việc các rạn san hô bị ảnh hưởng của biến đổi khí hậu và nóng lên toàn cầu sẽ khiến các vùng duyên hải chịu nhiều mối đe doạ.

Bài dịch

Các nhà khoa học đã phát hiện một mối đe dọa mới đối với các rạn san hô đang có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng của thế giới. Họ đã phát hiện ra rằng hầu hết san hô không có khả năng phát triển đủ nhanh để bù đắp cho mực nước biển dâng cao do sự nóng lên toàn cầu. Nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng các rạn san hộ - đã bị suy thoái nghiêm trọng bởi vì biển trên thế giới đang ấm lên và trở nên chua hơn - cũng có thể bị tràn ngập bởi những đại dương đang dâng nước lên.

Nghiên cứu - được dẫn dắt bởi các nhà khoa học tại Đại học Exeter và được công bố trên tờ Nature tuần này - liên quan đến tốc độ tăng trưởng của hơn 200 rạn san hô vùng nhiệt đới Tây Đại Tây Dương và Ấn Độ Dương. Chỉ có 9% trong số các rạn san hô này có khả năng theo kịp ngay cả những mức độ lạc quan nhất của mực nước biển dâng do dự báo của Ủy ban liên chính phủ về biến đổi khí hậu. “Đối với nhiều rạn san hô trên vùng Caribê và Ấn Độ Dương, nơi nghiên cứu tập trung, tốc độ tăng trưởng chậm lại do suy thoái rạn san hô”, Giáo sư Chris Perry, thuộc trường Đại học Exeter cho biết. “Trong khi đó, tỷ lệ mực nước biển dâng đang gia tăng - và kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy rạn san hô sẽ không thể theo kip. Kết quả là, độ sâu của nước trên hầu hết các rạn san hô sẽ tăng nhanh qua thế kỷ này.    Mực nước hiện đã dâng cao vài inch trong thế kỷ qua và các phép đo cho thấy tốc độ tăng này hiện đang tăng1ên đáng kể. Hai yếu tố chính có liên quan là biến đổi khí hậu đang làm cho nước hiện ấm hơn và do đó nó mở rộng. Và khi những tảng băng và sông băng tan chảy, chúng làm tăng lượng nước trong đại dương.

Đồng thời, các rạn san hô đang bị suy yếu bởi sự nóng lên của đại dương và cũng bởi sự axit hóa đại dương, được kích hoạt khi các vùng biển hấp thụ ngày càng nhiều khí CO2. Những tác động này dẫn đến các sự kiện tẩy trắng diệt hết các dải san hô rộng lớn và hạn chế khả năng phát triển của chúng.

“Dự đoán của chúng tôi, ngay cả trong các kịch bản tốt nhất, cho thấy rằng vào năm 2100, sự ngập lụt các rạn san hô sẽ đặt các cộng động ven biển vào các mối đe dọa đáng kể về sự thay đổi bờ biến”, giáo sư Peter Mumhy thuộc Đại học Queensland cho biết. Điểm này được ủng hộ bởi nhà khoa học biển người Mỹ Ilsa Kuffner viết trong một phần bình luận riêng cho tờ Nature. “Hàm ý của nghiên cứu rất nghiêm trọng. Nhiều quốc đảo và vùng lãnh thổ được thiết lập đã nhanh chóng làm mất đi các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên quan trọng."

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Scientists have uncovered a new threat to the world's endangered coral reefs. They have found that most are incapable of growing quickly enough to compensate for rising sea levels triggered by global warming. The study suggests that reefs - which are already suffering serious degradation because the world's seas are warming and becoming more acidic - could also become overwhelmed by rising oceans.

The research - led by scientists at Exeter University and published in Nature this week -involved studying growth rates for more than 200 tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean reefs. It was found only 9% of these reefs had the ability to keep up with even the most optimistic rates of sea-level rises forecast by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. "For many reefs across the Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions, where the study focused, rates of growth are slowing due to coral reef degradation," said Professor Chris Perry, of Exeter University. “Meanwhile, rates of sea-level rise are increasing - and our results suggest reefs will be unable to keep up. As a result, water depths above most reefs will increase rapidly through this century.”

Sea levels rose by several inches over the past century and measurements indicate the speed of this increase is now rising significantly. Two key factors are involved: climate change is making ocean water warmer and so it expands. And as ice sheets and glaciers melt, they increase amounts of water in the oceans.

At the same time, reefs are being weakened by ocean warming and also by ocean acidification, triggered as the seas absorb more and more carbon dioxide. These effects lead to bleaching events that kill off vast stretches of coral and limits their ability to grow.

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by 2100, the inundation of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumby of Queensland University. This point was backed by US marine scientist Ilsa Ruffner writing in a separate comment piece for Nature. “The implications of the study are dire. Many island nations and territories are set to quickly lose crucial natural resources.”

The word "inundation" is closest in meaning to _______.

A. drought

B. extinction

C. flood

D. tsunami

1
3 tháng 4 2019

Đáp án C

Từ “inundofion”gần nghĩa nhất với từ ________.

A. hạn hán                    B. sự tuyệt chủng          C. lũ lụt                 D. sóng thần

Từ đồng nghĩa: inundation (sự ngập lụt) = flood

“Our predictions, even under the best case scenarios, suggest that by 2100, the inundation of reefs will expose coastal communities to significant threats of shoreline change,” said co-author Prof Peter Mumhy of Queensland University. (“Dự đoán của chúng tôi, ngay cả trong các kịch bản tốt nhất, cho thấy rằng vào năm 2100, sự ngập lụt các rạn san hô sẽ đặt các cộng đồng ven biển vào các mối đe dọa đáng kể về sự thay đổi bờ biển”, Giáo sư Peter Mumby thuộc trường Đại học Queensland cho biết.)

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated...
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Read the following passage and mark A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.

 An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominants - most distinctive feature - the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes get in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize landmasses occupy only one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.

 The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests doesn't seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably by sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some presentation there.

 To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water life, on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacteria cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvae of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.

Why does the author compare rain forests and coral reefs in paragraph 1? Most of their inhabitants require water.

A. They are approximately the same size.

B. They share many similar species.

C. Most of their inhabitants require water

D. Both have many different forms of life.

1
8 tháng 12 2017

D

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Tại sao tác giả so sánh rừng mưa và rạn san hô ở đoạn 1?

A. Chúng có cùng kích thước.               B. Chúng có nhiều loài tương tự.

C. Hầu hết dân số của chúng đều cần nước. D. Cả hai đều có nhiều dạng sống khác nhau.

Thông tin: Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.

Dựa vào cụm từ “about diversity of life in the sea”, "diversity of life" = many different forms of life

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.

 An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominants - most distinctive feature - the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes get in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize landmasses occupy only one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.

 The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests doesn't seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably by sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some presentation there.

 To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water life, on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacteria cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvae of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.

The passage suggests that most rain forest species are

A. bacteria

B. birds

C. insects

D. mammals

1
22 tháng 8 2017

C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Đoạn văn cho thấy hầu hết các loài trong rừng mưa là

A. vi khuẩn                                           B. chim

C. côn trùng                                          D. động vật có vú

Thông tin: The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests doesn't seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants (kiến) in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects.

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.

 An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominants - most distinctive feature - the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes get in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize landmasses occupy only one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.

 The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests doesn't seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably by sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some presentation there.

 To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water life, on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacteria cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvae of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?

A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.

B. Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.

C. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.

D. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.

1
31 tháng 8 2017

C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Kết luận nào sau đây được hỗ trợ bởi đoạn văn?

A. Đời sống đại dương rất dễ thích ứng.

B. Đời sống đại dương chủ yếu bao gồm thực vật.

C. Cần chú ý nhiều hơn để bảo tồn các loài sinh vật biển và môi trường sống.

D. Biển có khả năng chống chịu thiệt hại cao do các chất ô nhiễm gây ra.

Đoạn văn đề cập sự đa dạng cách loài ở biển, được so sánh với các loài ở rừng => nhằm mục đích khuyến khích mọi người nên bao tồn các loài ở đại dương và môi trường sống của chúng.  

Dịch bài đọc:

Trùng hợp với những lo ngại về sự mất mát nhanh chóng của các loài và môi trường sống là sự đánh giá ngày càng tăng về tầm quan trọng của đa dạng sinh học, số lượng loài trong một hệ sinh thái cụ thể, với sức khỏe của trái đất và con người. Phần lớn đã được viết về sự đa dạng của các sinh vật trên cạn, đặc biệt là các sinh cảnh rừng mưa nhiệt đới đặc biệt phong phú. Tuy nhiên, tương đối ít nói về sự đa dạng của sự sống trên biển mặc dù các hệ thống rạn san hô có thể so sánh với rừng mưa về sự phong phú của sự sống.

Một người ngoài hành tinh khám phá Trái đất có lẽ sẽ ưu tiên cho những kẻ thống trị của hành tinh - đặc điểm đặc biệt nhất - đại dương. Con người có thiên hướng về đất mà đôi khi ngăn cản việc kiểm tra các vấn đề toàn cầu. Nhìn từ xa, rất dễ dàng để nhận ra các vùng đất chỉ chiếm một phần ba bề mặt Trái Đất. Cho rằng hai phần ba bề mặt Trái đất là nước và sinh vật biển sống ở tất cả các cấp của đại dương, tổng không gian sống ba chiều của đại dương có lẽ lớn hơn 100 lần so với đất và chứa hơn 90 phần trăm sự sống trên trái đất mặc dù đại dương có ít loài khác biệt.

Thực tế là một nửa số loài đã biết được cho là sống trong các khu rừng mưa của thế giới dường như không đáng ngạc nhiên, khi xem xét một số lượng lớn các loài côn trùng bao gồm phần lớn các loài. Một nhà khoa học đã tìm thấy nhiều loài kiến khác nhau chỉ trong một cây từ rừng mưa. Trong khi tất cả các loài đều khác biệt với mọi loài khác, gen của chúng hạn chế chúng là côn trùng và có đặc điểm tương tự với 750.000 loài côn trùng. Nếu các loại cơ bản, rộng như phyla và các lớp được nhấn mạnh hơn sự khác biệt giữa các loài, thì sự đa dạng lớn nhất của sự sống là không thể nghi ngờ bằng đường biển. Gần như tất cả các loại thực vật và động vật chính đều hiện diện ở đó.

Để đánh giá đầy đủ sự đa dạng và phong phú của sự sống trên biển, nó giúp "nghĩ nhỏ". Mỗi thìa nước đại dương, vào khoảng 100 đến 100.000 tế bào vi khuẩn cộng với các loại thực vật và động vật vi mô, bao gồm ấu trùng của các sinh vật từ bọt biển và san hô đến sao biển và trai và nhiều hơn nữa.