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Lời giải:
a.
\(\frac{n+1}{n+2}=\frac{n+1}{n+2}+1-1=\frac{2n+3}{n+2}-1\)
\(> \frac{2n+3}{n+3}-1=\frac{(n+3)+n}{n+3}-1=\frac{n}{n+3}\)
b.
\(10A=\frac{10^{12}-10}{10^{12}-1}=\frac{(10^{12}-1)-9}{10^{12}-1}=1-\frac{9}{10^{12}-1}<1\)
\(10B=\frac{10^{11}+10}{10^{11}+1}=\frac{(10^{11}+1)+9}{10^{11}+1}=1+\frac{9}{10^{11}+1}>1\)
$\Rightarrow 10A< 10B\Rightarrow A< B$
A = \(\dfrac{n^9+1}{n^{10}+1}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{A}\) = \(\dfrac{n^{10}+1}{n^9+1}\) = n - \(\dfrac{n-1}{n^9+1}\)
B = \(\dfrac{n^8+1}{n^9+1}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{B}\) = \(\dfrac{n^9+1}{n^8+1}\) = n - \(\dfrac{n-1}{n^8+1}\)
Vì n > 1 ⇒ n - 1> 0
\(\dfrac{n-1}{n^9+1}\) < \(\dfrac{n-1}{n^8+1}\)
⇒ n - \(\dfrac{n-1}{n^9+1}\) > n - \(\dfrac{n-1}{n^8+1}\)⇒ \(\dfrac{1}{A}>\dfrac{1}{B}\)
⇒ A < B
Lời giải:
a) Xét hiệu \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{(a+n).b-a(b+n)}{b(b+n)}=\frac{n(b-a)}{b(b+n)}\)
Nếu $b>a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}>0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}>\frac{a}{b}$
Nếu $b<a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}<0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}<\frac{a}{b}$
Nếu $b=a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}=0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}=\frac{a}{b}$
b) Rõ ràng $10^{11}-1< 10^{12}-1$.
Đặt $10^{11}-1=a; 10^{12}-1=b; 11=n$ thì: $a< b$; $A=\frac{a}{b}$ và $B=\frac{10^{11}+10}{10^{12}+10}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}$
Áp dụng kết quả phần a:
$b>a\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}>\frac{a}{b}$ hay $B>A$
a, \(A-B=\frac{3}{8^3}+\frac{7}{8^4}-\frac{7}{8^3}-\frac{3}{8^4}==\left(\frac{7}{8^4}-\frac{3}{8^4}\right)-\left(\frac{7}{8^3}-\frac{3}{8^3}\right)=\frac{4}{8^4}-\frac{4}{8^3}< 0\)
Vậy A < B
b, \(A=\frac{10^7+5}{10^7-8}=\frac{10^7-8+13}{10^7-8}=1+\frac{13}{10^7-8}\)
\(B=\frac{10^8+6}{10^8-7}=\frac{10^8-7+13}{10^8-7}=1+\frac{13}{10^8-7}\)
Vì \(10^7-8< 10^8-7\Rightarrow\frac{1}{10^7-8}>\frac{1}{10^8-7}\Rightarrow\frac{13}{10^7-8}>\frac{13}{10^8-7}\Rightarrow A>B\)
c,Áp dụng nếu \(\frac{a}{b}>1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+n}{a+n}\) có:
\(B=\frac{10^{1993}+1}{10^{1992}+1}>\frac{10^{1993}+1+9}{10^{1992}+1+9}=\frac{10^{1993}+10}{10^{1992}+10}=\frac{10\left(10^{1992}+1\right)}{10\left(10^{1991}+1\right)}=\frac{10^{1992}+1}{10^{1991}+1}=A\)
Vậy A < B
\(M=\dfrac{10^8+2}{10^8-1}=\dfrac{\left(10^8-1\right)+3}{10^8-1}=1+\dfrac{3}{10^8-1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{10^8}{10^8-3}=\dfrac{\left(10^8-3\right)+3}{10^8-3}=1+\dfrac{3}{10^8-3}\)
Vì \(1+\dfrac{3}{10^8-3}< 1+\dfrac{3}{10^8-1}\) nên \(M< N\)
Vì 18/91 < 18/90 =1/5
23/114>23115=1/5
vậy 18/91<1/5<23/114
suy ra 18/91<23/114
vì 21/52=210/520
Mà 210/520=1-310/520
213/523=1-310/523
310/520>310/523
vậy 210/520<213/523
suy ra 21/52<213/523
2/
a/ \(\dfrac{7}{10}=\dfrac{7.15}{10.15}=\dfrac{105}{150}\)
\(\dfrac{11}{15}=\dfrac{11.10}{15.10}=\dfrac{110}{150}\)
-Vì \(\dfrac{105}{150}< \dfrac{110}{150}\)(105<110)nên \(\dfrac{7}{10}< \dfrac{11}{15}\)
b/ \(\dfrac{-1}{8}=\dfrac{-1.3}{8.3}=\dfrac{-3}{24}\)
-Vì \(\dfrac{-3}{24}>\dfrac{-5}{24}\left(-3>-5\right)\)nên\(\dfrac{-1}{8}>\dfrac{-5}{24}\)
c/\(\dfrac{25}{100}=\dfrac{25:25}{100:25}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{10}{40}=\dfrac{10:10}{40:10}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
-Vì \(\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)nên\(\dfrac{25}{100}=\dfrac{10}{40}\)
a/ \(\dfrac{7}{10}< \dfrac{11}{15}\)
c/ \(\dfrac{25}{100}=\dfrac{10}{40}\)
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{3^{10}+1}{3^9+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{3^{10}+3-2}{3^9+1}\)
hay \(A=3-\dfrac{2}{3^9+1}\)
Ta có: \(B=\dfrac{3^9+1}{3^8+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\dfrac{3^9+3-2}{3^8+1}\)
hay \(B=3-\dfrac{2}{3^8+1}\)
Ta có: \(3^9+1>3^8+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{3^9+1}< \dfrac{2}{3^8+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{2}{3^9+1}>-\dfrac{2}{3^8+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{2}{3^9+1}+3>-\dfrac{2}{3^8+1}+3\)
hay A>B
a) \(\dfrac{n}{3n+1}=\dfrac{2.n}{2\left(3n+1\right)}=\dfrac{2n}{6n+2}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{2n}{6n+2}< \dfrac{2n}{6n+1}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{n}{3n+1}< \dfrac{2n}{6n+1}\)
b) Áp dụng công thức :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+m}{b+m}\left(a;b;m\in N\cdot\right)\)
Ta có :
\(B=\dfrac{10^8+1}{10^9+1}< 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\dfrac{10^8+1}{10^9+1}< \dfrac{10^8+1+9}{10^9+1+9}=\dfrac{10^8+10}{10^9+10}=\dfrac{10\left(10^7+1\right)}{10\left(10^8+1\right)}=\dfrac{10^7+1}{10^8+1}=A\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B< A\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{n}{3n+1}=\dfrac{2n}{2\left(3n+1\right)}=\dfrac{2n}{6n+2}\)
\(\dfrac{2n}{6n+2}< \dfrac{2n}{6n+1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{n}{3n+1}< \dfrac{2n}{6n+1}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+m}{b+m}< 1\left(m\in N\right)\)
\(B=\dfrac{10^8+1}{10^9+1}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{10^8+1+9}{10^9+1+9}\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{10^8+10}{10^9+10}\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{10\left(10^7+1\right)}{10\left(10^8+1\right)}\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{10^7+1}{10^8+1}=A\)\(\Rightarrow B< A\)