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\(\begin{array}{l}a)A = (2 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{8}):(1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{3}{4})\\ = (\frac{{16}}{8} - \frac{4}{8} - \frac{1}{8}):(\frac{4}{4} - \frac{6}{4} - \frac{3}{4})\\ = \frac{{11}}{8}:\frac{{ - 5}}{4}\\ = \frac{{11}}{8}.\frac{4}{{ - 5}}\\ = \frac{{ - 11}}{{10}}\\b)B = 5 - \frac{{1 + \frac{1}{3}}}{{1 - \frac{1}{3}}}\\ = 5 - \frac{{\frac{3}{3} + \frac{1}{3}}}{{\frac{3}{3} - \frac{1}{3}}}\\ = 5 - \frac{{\frac{4}{3}}}{{\frac{2}{3}}}\\ = 5 - \frac{4}{3}:\frac{2}{3}\\ = 5 - \frac{4}{3}.\frac{3}{2}\\ = 5 - 2\\ = 3\end{array}\)
Chú ý:
Khi thực hiện phép cộng hai phân số, nếu phân số thu được chưa tối giản thì ta rút gọn thành phân số tối giản.
\(\begin{array}{l}a)\left( {\frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{6}} \right):\frac{5}{4} + \left( {\frac{1}{4} + \frac{3}{8}} \right):\frac{5}{2}\\ = \left( {\frac{4}{6} + \frac{1}{6}} \right).\frac{4}{5} + \left( {\frac{2}{8} + \frac{3}{8}} \right).\frac{2}{5}\\ = \frac{5}{6}.\frac{4}{5} + \frac{5}{8}.\frac{2}{5}\\ = \frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{4}\\ = \frac{8}{{12}} + \frac{3}{{12}}\\ = \frac{{11}}{{12}}\\b)\frac{5}{9}:\left( {\frac{1}{{11}} - \frac{5}{{22}}} \right) + \frac{7}{4}.\left( {\frac{1}{{14}} - \frac{2}{7}} \right)\\ = \frac{5}{9}:\left( {\frac{2}{{22}} - \frac{5}{{22}}} \right) + \frac{7}{4}.\left( {\frac{1}{{14}} - \frac{4}{{14}}} \right)\\ = \frac{5}{9}:\frac{{ - 3}}{{22}} + \frac{7}{4}.\frac{{ - 3}}{{14}}\\ = \frac{5}{9}.\frac{{ - 22}}{3} + \frac{{ - 3}}{8}\\ = \frac{{ - 110}}{{27}} + \frac{{ - 3}}{8}\\ = \frac{{ - 880}}{{216}} + \frac{{ - 81}}{{216}}\\ = \frac{{ - 961}}{{216}}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{{{3^{12}} + {3^{15}}}}{{1 + {3^3}}}\\ = \frac{{{3^{12}} + {3^{12}}{{.3}^3}}}{{1 + {3^3}}}\\ = \frac{{{3^{12}}.(1 + {3^3})}}{{1 + {3^3}}}\\ = {3^{12}}\\b)2:{\left( {\frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{3}} \right)^2} + 0,{125^3}{.8^3} - {( - 12)^4}:{6^4}\\ = 2:{\left( {\frac{3}{6} - \frac{4}{6}} \right)^2} + {(0,125.8)^3} - {12^4}:{6^4}\\ = 2:{\left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{6}} \right)^2} + {1^3} - {(\frac{{12}}{6})^4}\\ = 2:\frac{1}{{36}} + 1 - {2^4}\\ = 2.36 + 1 - 16\\ = 72 + 1 - 16=57\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)3{x^7}:\dfrac{1}{2}{x^4} = (3:\dfrac{1}{2}).({x^7}:{x^4}) = 6{x^3}\\b)( - 2x):x = [( - 2):1].(x:x) = - 2\\c)0,25{x^5}:( - 5{x^2}) = [0,25:( - 5)].({x^5}:{x^2}) = - 0,05.{x^3}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)A = 32,125 - (6,325 + 12,125) - (37 + 13,675)\\ = 32,125 - 6,325 - 12,125 - 37 - 13,675\\ = (32,125 - 12,125) + ( - 6,325 - 13,675) - 37\\ = 20 + ( - 20) - 37\\ = - 37\\b)B = 4,75 + {\left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right)^3} + 0,{5^2} - 3.\frac{{ - 3}}{8}\\ = 4,75 + \frac{{ - 1}}{8} + 0,25 + \frac{9}{8}\\ = (4,75 + 0,25) + \left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{8} + \frac{9}{8}} \right)\\ = 5 + \frac{8}{8}\\ = 5 + 1\\ = 6\\c)C = 2021,2345.2020,1234 + 2021,2345.( - 2020,1234)\\ = 2021,2345.[2020,1234 + ( - 2020,1234)]\\ = 2021,2345.0\\ = 0\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)2x + \frac{1}{2} = \frac{7}{9}\\2x = \frac{7}{9} - \frac{1}{2}\\2x = \frac{{14}}{{18}} - \frac{9}{{18}}\\2x = \frac{5}{{18}}\\x = \frac{5}{{18}}:2\\x = \frac{5}{{18}}.\frac{1}{2}\\x = \frac{5}{{36}}\end{array}\)
Vậy \(x = \frac{5}{{36}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}b)\frac{3}{4} - 6x = \frac{7}{{13}}\\ 6x = \frac{3}{{4}} - \frac{7}{13}\\ 6x = \frac{{39}}{{52}} - \frac{{28}}{{52}}\\ 6x = \frac{{11}}{{52}}\\x = \frac{{11}}{{52}}:6\\x = \frac{{11}}{{52}}.\frac{{1}}{6}\\x = \frac{{11}}{{312}}\end{array}\)
Vậy \(x = \frac{{11}}{{312}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)x - \left( {\dfrac{5}{4} - \dfrac{7}{5}} \right) = \dfrac{9}{{20}}\\x = \dfrac{9}{{20}} + \left( {\dfrac{5}{4} - \dfrac{7}{5}} \right)\\x = \dfrac{9}{{20}} + \dfrac{{25}}{{20}} - \dfrac{{28}}{{20}}\\x = \dfrac{{6}}{{20}}\\x = \dfrac{{ 3}}{{10}}\end{array}\)
Vậy \(x = \dfrac{{ 3}}{{10}}\)
\(\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{b)9 - x = \dfrac{8}{7} - \left( { - \dfrac{7}{8}} \right)}\\\begin{array}{l}9 - x = \dfrac{8}{7} + \dfrac{7}{8}\\9 - x = \dfrac{{64}}{{56}} + \dfrac{{49}}{{56}}\\9 - x = \dfrac{{113}}{{56}}\end{array}\\{x = 9 - \dfrac{{113}}{{56}}}\\{x = \dfrac{{504}}{{56}} - \dfrac{{113}}{{56}}}\\{x = \dfrac{{391}}{{56}}}\end{array}\)
Vậy \(x = \dfrac{{391}}{{56}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{x}{{ - 3}} = \frac{7}{{0,75}}\\ \Rightarrow x.0,75 = ( - 3).7\\ \Rightarrow x = \frac{{( - 3).7}}{{0,75}} = - 28\end{array}\)
Vậy x = 28
\(\begin{array}{l}b) - 0,52:x = \sqrt {1,96} :( - 1,5)\\ - 0,52:x = 1,4:( - 1,5)\\ x = \dfrac{(-0,52).(-1,5)}{1,4}\\x = \frac{39}{{70}}\end{array}\)
Vậy x = \(\frac{39}{{70}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}c)x:\sqrt 5 = \sqrt 5 :x\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{x}{{\sqrt 5 }} = \frac{{\sqrt 5 }}{x}\\ \Rightarrow x.x = \sqrt 5 .\sqrt 5 \\ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} = 5\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ {_{x = - \sqrt 5 }^{x = \sqrt 5 }} \right.\end{array}\)
Vậy x \( \in \{ \sqrt 5 ; - \sqrt 5 \} \)
Chú ý:
Nếu \({x^2} = a(a > 0)\) thì x = \(\sqrt a \) hoặc x = -\(\sqrt a \)
a: \(\dfrac{x}{-3}=\dfrac{7}{0.75}=\dfrac{28}{3}\)
=>\(x=\dfrac{28\left(-3\right)}{3}=-28\)
b: \(-\dfrac{0.52}{x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{1.96}}{-1.5}=\dfrac{1.4}{-1.5}\)
=>\(x=0.52\cdot\dfrac{1.5}{1.4}=\dfrac{39}{70}\)
c: \(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{5}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{x}\)
=>\(x^2=5\)
=>\(x=\pm\sqrt{5}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)x + 0,25 = \frac{1}{2}\\x = \frac{1}{2} - 0,25\\x = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{4}\\x = \frac{2}{4} - \frac{1}{4}\\x = \frac{1}{4}\end{array}\)
Vậy \(x = \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}b)x - \left( { - \frac{5}{7}} \right) = \frac{9}{{14}}\\x = \frac{9}{{14}} + \left( { - \frac{5}{7}} \right)\\x = \frac{9}{{14}} + \left( { - \frac{{10}}{{14}}} \right)\\x = \frac{{ - 1}}{{14}}\end{array}\)
Vậy \(x = \frac{{ - 1}}{{14}}\)
a) Cách 1:
\(\begin{array}{l}(8 + 2\frac{1}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + 0,4) - (3\frac{1}{3} - 2)\\ = (8 + \frac{7}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + \frac{4}{{10}}) - (\frac{{10}}{3} - 2)\\ = 8 + \frac{7}{3} - \frac{3}{5} - 5 - \frac{2}{5} - \frac{{10}}{3} + 2\\ = (8 - 5 + 2) + (\frac{7}{3} - \frac{{10}}{3}) - (\frac{3}{5} + \frac{2}{5})\\ = 5 + \frac{{ - 3}}{3} - \frac{5}{5}\\ = 5 + ( - 1) - 1\\ = 3\end{array}\)
Cách 2:
\(\begin{array}{l}(8 + 2\frac{1}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + 0,4) - (3\frac{1}{3} - 2)\\ = (8 + \frac{7}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + \frac{4}{{10}}) - (\frac{{10}}{3} - 2)\\ = (\frac{{120}}{{15}} + \frac{{35}}{{15}} - \frac{9}{{15}}) - (\frac{{25}}{5} + \frac{2}{5}) - (\frac{{10}}{3} - \frac{6}{3})\\ = \frac{{146}}{{15}} - \frac{{27}}{5} - \frac{4}{3}\\ = \frac{{146}}{{15}} - \frac{{81}}{{15}} - \frac{{20}}{{15}}\\ = \frac{{45}}{{15}}\\ = 3\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}(7 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{3}{4}):(5 - \frac{1}{4} - \frac{5}{8})\\ = (\frac{{28}}{4} - \frac{2}{4} - \frac{3}{4}):(\frac{{40}}{8} - \frac{2}{8} - \frac{5}{8})\\ = \frac{{23}}{4}:\frac{{33}}{8}\\ = \frac{{23}}{4}.\frac{8}{{33}}\\ = \frac{{46}}{{33}}\end{array}\)