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Tính \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) hả bạn?
\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|.\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|cos\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=2.\sqrt{3}.cos30^0=3\)
Tính \(\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|\)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}=\overrightarrow{0}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=-3\overrightarrow{c}\Leftrightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2=9\overrightarrow{c}^2\)
<=> \(\overrightarrow{a}^2+\overrightarrow{b}^2+2\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}=9\overrightarrow{c}^2\)
<=> \(\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{b}=\dfrac{9z^2-x^2-y^2}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}=-\overrightarrow{a}\) <=> \(\left(\overrightarrow{b}+3\overrightarrow{c}\right)^2=\overrightarrow{a}^2\)
<=> \(\overrightarrow{b}.\overrightarrow{c}=\dfrac{x^2-y^2-9z^2}{2}\)
Và lại có : \(\overrightarrow{a}\overrightarrow{c}=\dfrac{y^2-x^2-9z^2}{2}\)
Suy ra: A=\(\dfrac{9z^2-x^2-y^2}{2}+\dfrac{x^2-y^2-9z^2}{2}+\dfrac{y^2-x^2-9z^2}{2}=\dfrac{3z^2-z^2-y^2}{2}\)
a) cos(;
) =
= 0
=> (;
) = 900
b) cos(;
) =
=
=> (;
) = 450
c) cos(;
) =
=
=> (;
) = 1500
Đăng những câu khác đi em mỏi tay rồi
Giả thiết => cos \(\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
⇒ \(\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=60^0\)
Lời giải:
Xét hai vecto bất kỳ \(\overrightarrow{AB}, \overrightarrow{CD}\). Kẻ vecto $\overrightarrow{CT}$ sao cho $\overrightarrow{CT}=\overrightarrow{BA}$
Ta có:
\(|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}|=|\overrightarrow{TC}+\overrightarrow{CD}|=|\overrightarrow{TD}|\)
\(|\overrightarrow{AB}|+|\overrightarrow{CD}|=|\overrightarrow{TC}|+|\overrightarrow{CD}|\)
Mà theo bđt tam giác thì:
\(|\overrightarrow{TC}+\overrightarrow{CD}|\geq |\overrightarrow{TD}|\Rightarrow |\overrightarrow{AB}|+\overrightarrow{CD}|\geq |\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}|\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(T, C,D\) thẳng hàng và $C$ nằm giữa $T,D$
$\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{TC}, \overrightarrow{CD}$ cùng hướng
$\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{AB}, \overrightarrow{CD}$ cùng hướng
Vậy với $\overrightarrow{a}, \overrightarrow{b}$ bất kỳ thì $|\overrightarrow{a}|+|\overrightarrow{b}|\geq |\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}|$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $\overrightarrow{a}, \overrightarrow{b}$ cùng hướng.
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Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}|\leq |\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}|+|\overrightarrow{c}|\leq |\overrightarrow{a}|+|\overrightarrow{b}|+|\overrightarrow{c}|\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\overrightarrow{a}, \overrightarrow{b}\) cùng hướng và \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}, \overrightarrow{c}\) cùng hướng
\(\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{a}, \overrightarrow{b}, \overrightarrow{c}\) cùng hướng
a) \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow {\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right|^2} = {\left( {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|} \right)^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left( {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|} \right)^2} \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a } \right)^2} + 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left( {\overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|^2} + 2.\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| + {\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|^2} + 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|^2} + 2.\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| + {\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 2\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 2\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 1 \Leftrightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 0^\circ \)
Vậy \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| + \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow a , \,\overrightarrow b \) cùng hướng.
b) \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow {\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right|^2} = {\left| {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right|^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left( {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right)^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\overrightarrow a } \right)^2} + 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left( {\overrightarrow b } \right)^2} = {\left( {\overrightarrow a } \right)^2} - 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b + {\left( {\overrightarrow b } \right)^2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = - 2\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b \Leftrightarrow 4\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 0\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = 0 \Leftrightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 90^\circ \)
Vậy \(\left| {\overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow a - \overrightarrow b } \right| \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b \) vuông góc với nhau.
\(\overrightarrow{x}\) ⊥ \(\overrightarrow{y}\)
⇒ \(\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{2a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)=0\). Đặt \(\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|=a;\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|=b\)
⇒ 2a2 - \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) + 2\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) - b2 = 0
⇒ \(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) = b2 - 2a2 = 4 - 4 = 0
⇒ \(\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=90^0\)
\(\overrightarrow{a}\perp\overrightarrow{b}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=0\)
\(\left(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=2a^2+2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}-b^2\)
\(=2a^2-b^2+\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(=2.1-2+0=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\perp\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2=\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|^2+\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|^2+2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(=5^2+12^2+2.5.12.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=169+120cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}\right)=13^2\)
Suy ra: \(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=0\).
\(\overrightarrow{a}\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\left(\overrightarrow{a}\right)^2+\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=5^2+5.12.0=25\).
Mặt khác \(\overrightarrow{a}\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|.\left|\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)
\(=5.13.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\).
Vì vậy \(25=5.13.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\).
\(cos\left(\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\dfrac{5}{13}\).
Vậy góc giữa hai véc tơ \(\overrightarrow{a}\) và \(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\) là \(\alpha\) sao cho \(cos\alpha=\dfrac{5}{13}\).
