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a)
$n_{MgO} = \dfrac{8}{40} = 0,2(mol)$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
$n_{MgCl_2} = n_{MgO} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,2.95 = 19(gam)$
b)
$n_{HCl} =2 n_{MgO} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol) \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,4.36,5}{4\%} = 365(gam)$
a) MgO + 2HCl→ MgCl2+ H2O
(mol) 0,2 0,4 0,2
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
→\(m_{MgCl_2}=n.M=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
b) Ta có:
\(4\%=\dfrac{m_{HCl_{ }}}{m_{ddHCl}}.100\%< =>4\%=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{m_{ddHCl}}.100\%\)
=> mdd HCl=\(\dfrac{14,6.100}{4}=365\left(g\right)\)
Vạy khối lượng dung dịch HCl cần dùng cho phản ứng là: 365g
Bài 6:
\(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{21,4}{107}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
_______0,2________0,6______0,2 (mol)
a, \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6.36,5}{200}.100\%=10,95\%\)
b, \(C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.162,5}{21,4+200}.100\%\approx14,68\%\)
Bài 7:
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.9,8\%=9,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2O\)
______0,1______0,1_______0,1 (mol)
a, \(m_{ZnO}=0,1.81=8,1\left(g\right)\)
b, \(C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.161}{8,1+100}.100\%\approx14,89\%\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{20\%}==73\left(g\right)\)
c, \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2,5}=0,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15.24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{25\%}=43,8\left(g\right)\)
c, PT: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{2,5}=0,06\left(l\right)\)
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Chất X là MgCl2, Y là khí H2
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
b, \(V=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
\(V_1=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{ddMgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
d,
PTHH: M2Ox + 2xHCl → 2MClx + xH2O
Mol: \(\dfrac{0,2}{x}\) 0,4
\(\Rightarrow M_{M_2O_x}=\dfrac{16,2}{\dfrac{0,2}{x}}=81x\left(g/mol\right)\)
Vì M là kim loại nên có hóa trị l,ll,lll
| x | l | ll | lll |
| \(M_{M_2O_x}\) | 81 | 162 | 243 |
| MM | 32,5 | 65 | 97,5 |
| Kết luận | loại | thỏa mãn | loại |
⇒ M là kẽm (Zn)
250ml=0,25l
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
0.2.........0.4..........0,2............0,2 (mol)
a)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
b)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,25}=1,6\left(M\right)\)
a/ \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
b/ \(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,25}=1,6M\)
Bài 9 :
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
0,05--->0,1-------->0,05
a) \(C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
b) \(m_{CuCl2}=0,05.135=6,75\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C_{MCuCl2}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}0,5\left(M\right)\)
Câu 10 :
\(n_{FeO}=\dfrac{3,6}{72}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2O\)
0,05-->0,1------->0,05
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{10\%}100\%=36,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=3,6+36,5=40,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{40,1}.100\%=15,84\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(0.05...........0.1\)
\(m_{MgO}=0.05\cdot24=1.2\left(g\right)\)
\(MgO+2HCl \to MgCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=0,1(mol)\\ n_{MgO}=0,05(mol)\\ m_{MgO}=0,05.40=2(g)\\ \to A\)