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a)
A: H2O
B: O2
C: Al, Al2O3
D: AlCl3, HCl
E: H2
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
0,2-->0,1------->0,2
=> mH2O(A) = 0,2.18 = 3,6 (g)
\(n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,16-0,1=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,08<-0,06------>0,04
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2O_3\left(C\right)}=0,04.102=4,08\left(g\right)\\m_{Al\left(C\right)}=2,7-0,08.27=0,54\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nHCl = 0,1.4 = 0,4 (mol)
\(n_{Al\left(C\right)}=\dfrac{0,54}{27}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,02->0,06---->0,02-->0,03
Al2O3 + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
0,04-->0,24---->0,08
=> \(D\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:0,02+0,08=0,1\left(mol\right)\\HCl\left(dư\right):0,4-0,06-0,24=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1M\\C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1M\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) VO2(B) = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344 (l)
VH2(E) = 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 (l)
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot80}{40}\cdot100\%=20\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=80\%\)
2Al +6HCl-> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,6--------------------------0,9
Al2O3+6HCl-> 2AlCl3+3H2O
n H2=0,9 mol
=>m Al=0,6.27=16,2g
=>%mAl=\(\dfrac{16,2}{36,6}100\)=44,26%
=>%m Al2O3=55,74%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,6 0,9
\(m_{Al}=0,6\cdot27=16,2g\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{16,2}{36,6}\cdot100\%=44,26\%\)
\(\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-44,26\%=55,73\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,6 0,9 ( mol )
( \(Al_2O_3+HCl\) không giải phóng \(H_2\) )
\(\rightarrow m_{Al}=0,6.27=16,2g\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{16,2}{36,6}.100=44,26\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-44,26\%=55,74\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, PTHH:
2Cu + O2 -> (t°) 2CuO (1)
CuO + H2 -> (t°) Cu + H2O (2)
2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2 (3)
2H2 + O2 -> (t°) 2H2O (4)
b, A: CuO: đồng (II) oxit
B: Cu: đồng
C: H2O: nước
D: H2: hiđro
F: O2: oxi
c, nCu = 12,8/64 = 0,2 (mol)
Theo (1): nCuO = nCu = 0,2 (mol)
Theo (2): nH2O = nCuO = 0,2 (mol)
Theo (3): nH2 = nH2O/2 = 0,2/2 = 0,1 (mol)
Theo (4): nH2O = nH2 = 0,1 (mol)
mH2O = 0,1 . 18 = 1,8 (g)
\(n_{O_2}=\frac{1.68}{22.4}=0.075\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Na+O_2\rightarrow2Na_2O\)
x \(\frac{1}{4}x\) \(\frac{1}{2}x\)
\(4K+O_2\rightarrow2K_2O\)
x \(\frac{1}{4}x\) \(\frac{1}{2}x\)
Theo bài ra ta có \(\begin{cases}23x+39y=10.1\\\frac{1}{4}x+\frac{1}{4}y=0.075\end{cases}\) \(\begin{cases}0.1\\0.2\end{cases}\)
\(m_{Na}=0.1\times23=2.3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_K=0.2\times39=7.8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Na}=\frac{2.3}{10.1}\times100=22.7\%\)\(\%m_K=100\%-22.7\%=77.3\%\)
a) \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: S + O2 --to--> SO2
0,5<-0,5<------0,5
=> mS = 0,5.32 = 16(g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_S=\dfrac{16}{22,2}.100\%=72,07\%\\\%m_P=\dfrac{22,2-16}{22,2}.100\%=27,93\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_P=\dfrac{22,2-16}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 --to--> 2P2O5
0,2-->0,25----->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
c)
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
0,5<-------------------0,75
=> \(m_{KClO_3}=0,5.122,5=61,25\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH:
\(S+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)SO_2\\ 4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\)
- Chất khí mùi hắc là SO2
- Chất rắn sau phản ứng có m(g) là P2O5
Đặt: nS=a(mol); nP=b(mol) (a,b>0) (nguyên, dương)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}32a+31b=22,2\\22,4a=11,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_S=\dfrac{0,5.32}{22,2}.100\approx72,072\%\\\%m_P\approx100\%-72,072\%\approx27,928\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{O_2}=a+\dfrac{5}{4}b=0,5+\dfrac{5}{4}.0,2=0,75\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,75.22,4=16,8\left(l\right)\)
c)
\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2.0,75}{3}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=122,5.0,5=61,25\left(g\right)\)
\(a) m_{Cu} = 9,6(gam)\\ n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27a + 56b = 16,55 -9,6 =6,95(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,05 ; b = 0,1\\ m_{Al} = 0,05.27 = 1,35(gam); n_{Fe} = 0,1.56 = 5,6(gam)\)
\(b) n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,175.2 = 0,35(mol) \Rightarrow m_{HCl} = 0,35.36,5 = 12,775(gam)\)
