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\(m_{NaOH\left(A\right)}=20.5\%=1\left(g\right)\)
Trong B:
gọi x là khối lượng Na2O thêm vào , x>0 (g)
\(10\%=\dfrac{\dfrac{80}{62}x+1}{x+20}\)
\(\rightarrow x=0,84\left(g\right)\)
Vậy khối Na2O thêm vào dd A là 0,84 (g)
b, \(m_{KOH\left(A\right)}=2\%.20=0,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{KOH\left(B\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{20+0,84}.100\%=1,92\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Dung dịch A gồm: CuSO4 và H2SO4 dư
\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
Đề có cho dữ kiện gì liên quan đến dd NaOH không bạn nhỉ?
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.19,6}{100.98}=0,4mol\\ CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ n_{CuSO_4\left(A\right)}=n_{CuO}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4mol\\ n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3mol\\ CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow CuSO_4.pư.không.hết\)
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
0,3mol 0,6mol 0,3mol
\(m_{ddB}=0,4.80+200+0,6.40-29,4=226,6g\\ C_{\%Na_2SO_4\left(B\right)}=\dfrac{0,3.142}{226,6}\cdot100=18,8\%\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\frac{94,8}{158}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_P=\frac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2\cdot0,35=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : \(2KMnO_4-t^o->K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\) (1)
\(4P+5O_2-t^o->2P_2O_5\) (2)
\(P_2O_5+3H_2O-->2H_3PO_4\) (3)
\(H_3PO_4+NaOH-->NaH_2PO_4+H_2O\) (4)
\(H_3PO_4+2NaOH-->Na_2HPO_4+2H_2O\) (5)
\(H_3PO_4+3NaOH-->Na_3PO_4+3H_2O\) (6)
Theo pthh (1) : \(n_{O_2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì : \(\frac{n_{O_2}}{5}=0,06>0,05=\frac{n_P}{4}\) => pứ (2) : photpho hết, oxit dư.
Theo pthh (2) : \(n_{P_2O_5}=\frac{1}{2}n_P=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh (3) : \(n_{H_2PO_4}=2n_{P_2O_5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Vì \(\frac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{H_3PO_4}}=\frac{0,7}{0,2}>3\) => DD spu chứa Na3PO4 và NaOH dư ; xảy ra pứ (6); không xảy ra pứ (4); (5)
Theo pthh (6) : \(n_{Na_3PO_4}=n_{H_3PO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(pứ\right)}=3n_{H_3PO_4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Có : \(m_{ddNaOH}=350\cdot1,2=420\left(g\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL : \(m_{ddspu}=m_{ddNaOH}+m_{P_2O_5}=420+0,1\cdot142=434,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}C\%NaOH=\frac{0,1\cdot40}{434,2}\cdot100\%\approx0,92\%\\C\%Na_3PO_4=\frac{164\cdot0,2}{434,2}\cdot100\%\approx7,55\%\end{cases}}\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=2.36,5=73g\)
=> \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{73}{73+327}\times100\%=18,25\%\)
b.
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{250.18,25\%}{36,5}=1,25mol\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{50}{100}=0,5mol\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{HClpu}=0,5.2=1mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCldu}=1,25-1=0,25\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddpu}=50+250-0,5.44=278g\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,25.36,5}{278}.100\%=3,28\%\)
\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.111}{278}.100\%=19,96\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
______0,2_____0,4_____0,2 (mol)
a, \(m_{CuCl_2}=0,2.135=27\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{300}.100\%\approx4,867\%\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 16 + 300 = 316 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{27}{316}.100\%\approx8,54\%\)
a, Ta có: 27nAl + 56nFe = 22 (1)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,832}{24,79}=0,8\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6}{0,5}=3,2\left(M\right)\)
mH2O=71,8.1=71,8(g)
nK2O=28,2/94=0,3(mol)
PTHH: K2O + H2O -> 2 KOH
0,3____________0,6(mol)
mKOH= 0,6.56=33,6(g)
mddKOH= mK2O + mH2O= 28,2+71,8=100(g)
=>C%ddB=C%ddKOH=(33,6/100).100=33,6%
1)
a = 100 - 8 = 92 (g)
\(\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{100}.100\%=8\%\)
2) \(m_{dd.HCl}=1,2.150=180\left(g\right)\)
nHCl = 0,15.4 = 0,6 (mol)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{1}\) => NaOH hết, HCl dư
PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
0,2----->0,2----->0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,2.58,5}{100+180}.100\%=4,18\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0,6-0,2\right).36,5}{100+180}.100\%=5,21\%\end{matrix}\right.\)